POOL Based Dynamical Cluster Tracking Algorithm (PDCTA)

As one of the most active areas of technology in the new century, wireless sensor network (WSN) has been attached great importance to by the academia and industry, for it’s potential applications. WSN is a complex integrated system, including data collection, data processing and data transmission, which can be widely used in monitoring, daily life, military and so forth. With the development of technology and Manufacturing process, WSN has been widely used in smart meters, wireless warehouse, grid environment monitoring and clinical throughout the day monitoring. Compared to the traditional telecommunications, Bluetooth, WIFI network, WSN has unique advantages.WSN is composed of a large number of small size, low cost sensor nodes with perception, process and communication ability. As a self-organizing network, and can be hidden easily, WSN is very suitable to be applied to a moving target positioning and tracking. Target tracking is an important aspect of WSN, and has a wide range of applications in commercial, industrial and military field. WSN is powered by battery, and it’s almost impossible to replace the battery once the nodes are deployed, therefore energy limit is one of the most important features of WSN. How to reduce energy consumption is one of the key issues when designing target tracking system. In fact, consumption balance and the accuracy of the tracking are the two main research questions of WSN target tracking algorithm. WSN usually has a clustered network structure. The information-driven clustered network is widely used because it can dynamically adjust cluster structure and the size when tracking.This paper fist introduces the basic concepts of WSN and several classical target tracking algorithm, and then introduce the POOL based dynamical cluster tracking algorithm (PDCTA). In the traditional target tracking algorithm, tracking the slow-moving target will make the cluster head served as the cluster head for too long time, and form the energy hole. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a head transfer mechanism. When tracking a variable speed target, the time of serving as cluster head has a threshold, and when the threshold is touched, the network will select a new cluster head from POOL based on residual energy and RSSI. The structure and data is constantly updated as the target moving. The mechanisms ensure the smooth transfer of the cluster head and the tracking accuracy, at the same time balanced energy consumption and avoid premature energy hole, extending the useful life of the network. Matlab is used to repeatedly simulate the proposed algorithm to verify the feasibility.