Clustering Hierarchy Protocol Based On Data Aggregation In Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) refer to the self-organizing multi-hop networks in which the monitoring area is composed of many micro-sensor nodes and formed by wireless communication, aiming to collaboratively perceive, collect and dispose the information from the perceived objects in the network overlay area, and then send to the observer. They have broad application prospects such as national defense and military, urban management, health care, environmental monitoring, disaster sites and so on. However, there is energy limitation of the nodes and short lifetime of the network. So it is important to design a robust and expansible network with high efficient and low energy consuming data processing and packet routing protocol.Routing Protocol is one of the key technologies of WSN, it resolves the problem that how to transmit data in the network, and its performances are closely related to the entire network performances. For WSN, the energy of sensor nodes is usually limited. Once deployed, the small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible, and thus replacement or replenish of the energy source is infeasible. Hence, how to use the limited energy to effectively prolong the network lifetime is a key issue in WSN. Through effectively clustering and data fusion of the network, the clustering-based routing protocol can greatly lessen the redundant messages in the network; thereby significantly extend the lifetime of the network, and consequently becomes a hot spot in the research of WSN.Data aggregation is such a kind of technique that sensor nodes eliminate the redundancy of the data sensed or received from other node, combine them into one packet and then forward it to the next hop. It can reduce the number of the transferred packets in the network, reduce the probability of the duplicated packet received at sink node, improve the accuracy of the monitoring results and reduce the energy consumed.Traditional clustering hierarchy lacks data aggregation optimization strategy, to solve this problem, a clustering hierarchy protocol based on data aggregation (DACHP) which includes clustering aggregation based on node density and low latency data aggregation algorithm is proposed in this paper. First of all, according to node density sink node divide the net into clusters and every cluster has a central node; then the central node elects cluster-head based on node residual energy and energy consumption; data transmission uses low latency data aggregation algorithm which includes dynamic TDMA strategy and data forwarding strategy based on data aggregation.The simulation results displays that the DACHP can enhance the effectiveness of energy and distributes the total energy consumption evenly; prolongs the network lifetime significantly and has better robustness and expansibility. The RTS/CTS data forwarding mechanism reduces the data return delay.