A Study Of Value Orientation Of Selection Of Culture History Content In Middle School History Curriculum Standard Of PRC

Eight curriculum reforms in elementary education have carried out since the People’s Republic of China was established. During this period, the middle school history curriculum standard (syllabus) amounts to20, and content standards (key points) have undergone an enormous change. The result of selection of culture history content contains different value orientations. According to the culture history classification, those orientations include classical (conventional), modern, indigenous, international, political, scientific, religious, life, and aesthetic and so on.Statistic results of secondary school history curriculum standards(1956—2011) shows, in junior middle school part, the proportion of ancient culture history of China in Chinese ancient history is the biggest, which takes orientations of science and technology and tradition seriously. The proportion of ideology and culture in modern history of China is the biggest and political orientation is broadly apparent. Chinese modern culture history is inclined to political orientation before the middle school history instructional program in1986(1990revised) of compulsory education. New Curriculum Standard has a bias towards scientific orientation. In high school part, value orientation of ancient culture history of China still treasures conventional and political orientation. About world history, in junior school part, the world ancient culture history takes the biggest proportion of ancient history of world ahead of syllabus in2000, which presents classical orientation. The ratio of the world modern culture history is increased quickly in curriculum standard of2001, while it is decreased in course standard of2011. In high school part, classical and modern orientations are playing chess, the former has the edge over the latter; the scientific orientation of world modern culture history runs through ancient and modern. Specially, according to syllabus (1956—1986), the proportion of ideology and culture is large in world modern culture history which embodies political orientation. Comparing culture history of China with abroad, the proportion of culture history of China is greater than it of the world, which has indigenous orientation. However, New Curriculum Standard is quite the opposite, which has international orientation. The changes of value orientation take on five characteristics. There is a large gap between traditional and modern value orientation, indigenous and international value orientations are playing chess, disconnection and connection leave out or in each other, volatility and stability coexist, and the monistic and pluralistic values orientations are symbiotic. These characteristics are influenced by several factors, such as the demand of the society and the times, the change of value idea of history curriculum, history academic achievements, the culture value idea of person who makes curriculum standard, and the learners’ demand of culture value.To choose proper culture history, firstly, selecting culture history needs to take the value orientation of contemporary curriculum as leading factor, and make historical view as guilding idelolgy; taking distribution of culture history as the mainstay to show the value orientations of selection of curriculum content. Secondly, values orientations of history curriculum is suggested to reasonably position as multielement, symbiosis, coexistence and returning to humanity; selection of culture history needs to keep the balance of various value orientations exactly; it’s consciousness of transmission should be strengthened appropriately; student’s subjective consciousness of acceptance for value orientation remains to be brought into full play.