Relationship Between Career Maturity And Attribution,Adaptability And Future Time Perspective In Nursing Undergraduates

Objective:To investigate general condition and characteristics of career maturity in Iltirsing undergraduates, as well as attribution way, adaptability, future time perspective (FTP) and then to analyze their relationships with career maturity in nursing tundergraduates.Methods:General information questionnaire, Career Maturity Inventory(CMI), The Multidimensional-Multiatributional Causality Scalc(MMCS). College Student Adaptability Inventory(CSAI) and Future Time Perspcctive Inventory were used to investioatc439senior nursiing students from all full-time public universities in tile city and interns from each third-grade class-A hospital in this city during September2012to November2012in a cross-sectional study. Data were analyzed by SPSS17.0.Results:1. Total score of career maturity of nursing undergraduates was110.07±10.98, the total average was3.24±0.32. The entries average of each denlension were career autonomy (3.52±0.55), friends and relatives dependence (3.33±0.59), career reference (3.30±0.42). career values (3.27±0.61), career goals (3.16±0.59), career confidence (3.00±0.60). Career maturity and various aspects were mature. 2. There were statistical differences of career maturity in different characteristics of General information of nursing undergraduates.①social demography:Girls, rural and urban living nursing undergraduates had a higher total score of career maturity, compared with boys and those who lived in villages and towns (P<0.01, P<0.05) Rural living nursing undergraduates had a higher score in friends and relatives dependence demension than those lived in villages and towns (P<0.01); Interns had a higher score in career confidence demension than senior nursing students (P<0.05); Students without love experience had a higher score in career values demension than about the lover (P<0.05); Girls and those who served as student cadre had a higher score in career reference demension than boys and those never served as student leaders (P<0.05);②major related aspect:Those who liked the nursing profession had a higher total score of career maturity, also a higher score in career goals, career confidence, career antonomy and career reference demensions than those didn’t like the major (P<0.01, P<0.05); Undergraduates who participated in the vocational guidance or training had a higher score in career autonomy demension than those who didn’t attend similar training; Those who were optimistic about career prospects had a higher total score of career maturity, as well as a higher score in career goals, career confidence, career autonomy and career reference dimensions than those were pessimistic (P<0.01);Those who attended social practice that had nothing to do with the major got a higher score than those who attended major relevant social practice in friends and relatives dependence dimension (P<0.01), those who attended major relevant social practice had a higher score than those who never attended any practice in career reference dimension (P<0.05).③family related aspect:Those students whose mother had college degree educational level or above got a lower total score of career maturity, as well as career confidence and career values dimensions (P<0.01, P<0.05); Those who owned the harmonizing atmosphere of a family, parenting style was democratic or laissez-faire had a higher score than those lived in the discordant family or those with dictatorial or indulgent parenting style in career reference dimension (P<0.05). 3. Attribution style and its correlation with career maturity in nursing undergraduate: The score of academic achievement and interpersonal relation attribution style of nursing undergraduates were-4.82±5.84,-1.83±4.91. Attribution style tended to internal locus of control. The score of academic achievement was negatively correlated with total score of career maturity and scores of career confidence, career values, career autonomy, friends and relatives dependence, career reference (P<0.01). The score of interpersonal relation was negatively correlated with total score of career maturity and scores of career confidence, career autonomy (P<0.05).4. Adaptability and its correlation with career maturity in nursing undergraduates: the total average of adaptability was3.43±0.38. which was in the middle level. Except the overall environment identity scored higher than the norm of college students, the scores were lower than the norm. The total score of adaptability and scores of interpersonal adaptability, role adaptability, occupation choice adaptability, self-care adaptability, overall environmental approval, physical symptoms were positively correlated with the total score of career maturity and scores of all its dimensions (P<0.01, P<0.05). The score of study adaptability was positively correlated with the total score of career maturity and scores of career goals, career confidence, career values, career autonomy, friends and relatives dependence (P<0.01)5. FTP and its correlation with career maturity in nursing undergraduates:The total score of FTP was53.56±6.85, which was in the middle level. The total score of FTP and score of objective consciousness were positively correlated with the total score of career maturity and scores of all its dimensions (P<0.01. P<0.05). The scores of behavioral commitment, goal orientation, future image were positively correlated with the total score of career maturity and scores of career goals, career confidence, career autonomy, career reference (P<0.01, P<0.05). The score of future efficiency was positively correlated with the total score of career maturity and scores of career goals, career confidence, career values, career autonomy, career reference (P<0.01).6. Multiple regressions were used to analyze the factors that influencing career maturity and its dimensions. Occupation choice adaptability, objective consciousness. self-care adaptability, academic achievement attribution style, future efficiency, future image and professional preferences were predictive factors of career maturity (R2adj=48.6%); Occupation choice adaptability, career prospects, goal orientation, objective consciousness and professional preferences were predictive factors of career goals (R2adj=22.1%); Occupation choice adaptability, objective consciousness, study adaptability, future efficiency and physical symptoms were predictive factors of career confidence (R2adj=35.3%); Self-care adaptability, study adaptability and objective consciousness were predictive factors of career values (R2adj=19.7%); Goal orientation, academic achievement attribution style, occupation choice adaptability, interpersonal adaptability and career prospects were predictive factors of career autonomy (R2adj=16.9%); Study adaptability, self-care adaptability, physical symptoms, objective consciousness and social practices were predictive factors of friends and relatives dependence (R2adj=19.6%); Future image, parenting style, role adaptability, career prospects and gender were predictive factors of career referece (R2adj=14.2%).Conclusions:1. The general level of career maturity of nursing undergraduates is acceptable, but career goals and career confidence maturity is relatively low. This suggests that helping nursing students to make clear career goals and enhance self-confidence is an important approach to improve career maturity of nursing undergraduates.2. We should give more attention and specific guidance to nursing undergraduates who are boys, with no social practice experiences, with dictatorial or indulgent parenting style, lived in the discordant family, not fond of nursing profession, pessimistic about the career prospects, with no student leadership experiences, with no love experiences and whose mother had college degree educational level or above in order to improve their career maturity.3. Nursing undergraduates tend to attribute academic achievement and interpersonal relation to internal factors (efforts, ability). Academic and interpersonal attribution way is tending to internal control, the career maturity is higher. This suggests that nursing educators can improve career maturity by training attribution of internal control of nursing undergraduates.4. Adaptability of nursing undergraduates is in medium level, the higher adaptability, the better career maturity. This suggests that nursing educators should increase the adaptability of nursing undergraduates in order to enhance their career maturity.5. FTP of nursing undergraduates is in middle level. Students who are more insightful about the future time own the higher career maturity level. Which prompts that nursing educators should guide nursing undergraduates to focus on the future development and hold a positive and optimistic attitude to the future for improving their career maturity.