The Period Of Cao Wei Chang 'an Population Changes And Local Governance

Chang’an is a time-hornored city,and it existed in the Guanzhong plain for thousands of years,which itself is a heavy history. Therefore, the historians focused on Chang’an as capital of Han and Tang.If a study for a city only by understanding it’s history as the capital, the cognition will be a one-sided understanding of the development of urban history,also be fragmented, incomplete. This article focuses on Chang’an in Cao Wei,which was not as a capital and in times of social turbulence.The historical materials mainly lies in the troubled scene, demographic change and local management,so in this paper, the theme is the population change of the Chang’an city, and the local governance in Wei period. Goal of the paper is to get summary of the Chang’an city developments and changes stage, and to explore the regularity of urban development,based on discussion of the above content.This thesis is divided into three parts.The first part discusses the background of the times.This section is different with a simple background description as foreshadowing,it was specific and detailed. First of all, to introduce an overview of Chang’an city,it is a description of the city from a geographical perspective;to summarize the major wars that Chang’an has experienced,it is a description of the city from a historical perspective. Second,it could descript the destruction of war on the city of Chang’an in detail, and therefore restore the history of the destruction of Chang’an City,it must start from the specific historical, not for general talk. Third,based on the war rations discussion,it boldly speculates that the situation of grain production of the Guanzhong Plain. Fourth, because of the military status of Chang’an City, especially its military defense has been a very important aspect of the historical background, this article is to get a better understanding of the military situation in the Guanzhong Plain, and a clearer understanding of the era of the characteristics and background of the Chang’an through studying the deployment of military defense.The second part discusses the movement and resettlement of the population in the Guanzhong. Due to historical data, it is unrealistic to study Chang’an City and the surrounding population changes specifically.So in this paper, Chang’an was in the environment of the Guanzhong Plain, we can derive population movement and resettlement law.,and analysis the characteristics cases of population movement and resettlement, in order to get a macro understanding of population movement and resettlement of Chang’an. Meanwhile, Cao Wei is an important period of history in the process of integration of minorities, there are a large number of internal migration of ethnic minorities. The war gave internal migration opportunities for ethnic minorities objectively. Then Han in border areas and ethnic minorities opportunities to contact was increased,Han regime required large numbers of people immigrating to supplement the population decreased because of the war,and to develop production.And therefor, ethnic minorities immgrating was one of the characteristics of population and placement flow of Chang’an and the surrounding areas in this period. Finally, through the placement of some local officials and the specific policies to appease the displaced persons, we can glimpse local governments policies and conditions of attracting population, development of the production.The third part discusses the local governance of Chang’an city. This part focused on the local officials rather than the local governance system. The choice of this research approach is subject to historical materials’ limitations, as it is difficult to restore the original appearance of the local management system only based on the limited historical materials of one region,while the records of local officials are relatively rich. Meanwhile, this article and the roles played by local officials in local governances could be summarized finally through researching on a certain amount of specific stories and deeds. Multiple officials’deeds are summarized and therefore it could reflect certain aspects of the local management system. Moreover, it differs this study from the previous historical and political geography study through the concentration on specific officials. It draws attention on a class of the city which is an important aspect of urban history, combines urban studies with human studies vividly, and therefore would contribute important content to the urban history study of Chang’an City.Finally, based on the specific discussion on the above three parts, it comes to the understanding of the population changes and local governance of Chang’an city in the Wei period. At this point, it could be seen that in the late Han Dynasty the population of Chang’an City and the surroundings had a sharp decline, people was in exile, so Cao Cao’s forces stepped up the garrison after capturing Guanzhong, and enhanced the deployment of officials to manage local affairs. After Cao Wei established, the internal was stable and external was disturbances, the border had successive years of war, whilst Chang’an became the frontline stronghold of Shu Han and Cao Wei war, and therefore had a prominent military position. Social production and people’s lives was relatively stable,national integration process was promoted as well as the system of local administration was in a gradual transition.