The Comparative Analysis Of Ocean Governmence Between China And U.S.A.

In the21st century, the global economy develope rapidly, the population expand explosively, mankind is unprecedentedly modifying and utilizing the earth and all its resources, the land is overloaded. The ocean, accounting for71%of the earth’s surface area, gradually come into human’s territory of survival and development. The sea contains a wide variety of sea creatures, rich submarine mineral, inexhaustible chemical resources, including chloride, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium and potassium, mostly as compound state. The ocean also stored unlimited supply of energy, like tide power, wave power, ocean current power, temperature power and so on. As human exploit the sea in an even-larger scale, the reliance on the sea is also deeper, at the same time, the ocean influences human life more. Exploiting the sea and using marine resources in a reasonable and effective way, while actively protecting the marine ecological environment has become the strategic issue of many coastal countries and even inland countries.The United States of America, east to the Atlantic, West to Pacific, with many similarities in geographical features with China, similar size, population and coastline. Since the nineteen sixties, the United States government started to focus on the importance of marine issues. It set up a department-oriented marine policy-making principles for the protection of the marine environment and marine resources. In the contemporary ocean law system, international society shares a universal idea of ocean management, namely treats all ocean space as a whole. The United States turn to establish a comprehensive marine policy. In recent years, the United States of America focus on the marine law enforcement as well as the development of national ocean policy, and put forward a new marine management concept and specific action plan,and establish an authoritative marine management and coordination mechanism. At the same time, the United States built a comprehensive strong marine law enforcement forces--the coast guard, which is the cradle of world’s coast guard system.This paper attempts to elaborate from two aspects, the modern American legal policy of the sea and maritime law enforcement system, proceeds to analyze its characteristics in evolution. By contrasting to the Sino-US ocean governance regime in the legislation and law enforcement, writer hopes to contribute to the takeoff of China’s marine economy, science and technology and ocean management innovation.