The American Civil War Industrial Mobilization

The American civil war as an important war in the recent history, which both havecharacteristics of the cold weapon age and modern arms stage, caused along with theindustrial revolution development, reflects a rough outline of the modern war.Therefore, the American civil war in military history belongs to a transitional natureof war. With the invention of the various new weapons, the troop of a large number ofcasualties, large number of munitions consumption, the inevitable requirement ofindustry to provide the corresponding sufficient support and services. Though theresearch of the mobilization of the American civil war industry let government,military, industrial mobilization measures and the problems present to the world,make objective evaluation and show the outline of civil war industrial mobilization soas to provide reference for the mobilization of industry in China.The first chapter mainly discuss the relationship between hot weapon era of warand industry. First discussed the progress of the industrial revolution, it is because ofthe in-depth development of the industrial revolution, so as to provides solid materialfoundation for industrial mobilization, produce a large number of new machines. Newcotton spinning machine, rolling machine milling machine, high pressure steamengine, wheat-reaping machine practical profiling sewing machine, vulcanizingrubber technology. The invention of the new machine to further promote thedevelopment of the industrial revolution in the breadth and depth has reached a newlevel.Then discussed several different characteristics, compared with the age of coldweapon war.The firearm war scale is big demand for variety supplies, largeconsumption, high degree of dependence on the industry, mainly use firearms forremote operations. In addition, after the United States independence, perilous externalconditions also played important role in shaping the industrial revolution of theUnited States. The progress of science and technology to promote weapons theinnovation during the civil war. A series of new weapons and equipment was invented.The rapidly development of the industry, provides the solid material foundation forwar. The emergence of various new type weapons and equipment increased reliance between war and industry and their relation becoming closer. Industrial mobilizationemerged at the historic moment.The second part of this thesis is discussed the industrial mobilization during theperiod of the American civil war from seven aspects. Firstly make a detailed combingabout the evolution of American military institutions points out that in the earlyfounding stage of United States there is no systematic military agencies, most of thetime organize a committee to solve the problem. Until1818, Calhoun appointedThomas Jessop as the quartermaster department president.After then quartermasterdepartment have good inheritance. Jessop enlisted a group of ambitious youngofficers begin to build new commissariat. The mexican-american war in1846-1848,1857-1858to suppress the mormons in Utah military action, make the commissariataccumulated rich experience in material supply, to mobilize industry provides a modelcan be used for reference for the civil war industrial mobilization. Second, under theinfluence of the traditional American militia system, the central government and localgovernments generate conflicts in military supplies. Until the end of the1861recycling by the central government take back the supply rights. Thirdly introducedtwo ways of munitions purchase one is from the state-run factory the other one isfrom the private sector. In addition, it introduced the manufacture of guns, ironcladthe federal government procures foreign military supplies, and the interests ofmunitions production circulation.The third part of this paper mainly describe the American industrial mobilizationachievement and influence, the victory of the north the best argument for the industryto mobilize the achievements during the civil war, and the insufficient aspects mainlyreflected in delivery cycle time too long, the contractor production capacity isinsufficient, lack of the legitimacy in getting the contract, and short of study abouthigh new technology, public enterprise and the social welfare policy generateconflicts.Chapter four of this thesis mainly discusses the effects of industrial mobilization forfuture war. It mainly manifested in four aspects, the link between industry and war ismore and more close to gradually took to the road to industrialization of war, mobilization of the industrial status be promoted, industrial driving the shift ofmanpower mobilization as a result the military conscription pervade in the word,industrial mobilization promoted the shift of work subject, and industrial mobilizationincrease the total war happened possibility.