The Study On The Relationship Between The Composition And The Location Of The Object

This paper studies the syntax order of time-span phrases and objectives, as well as the mechanism behind. Based on the corpus research, we addressed the theme on level of syntax, semantics and pragmatics relevantly. We count prosody perspective in the realm of pragmatics.We reviewed former studies at the beginning of this paper, afterward described the distribution from the syntax perspective, next semantics, finally pragmatics and prosody. We got the conclusion that the syntax order of time-span phrases and objectives is oriented by semantics and pragmatics, while the prosody plays an important role as well.Part One of this paper is the general statement, in which we demonstrated the value of this research, and the area we observe. We reviewed relevant achievement, and proposed the methodology and corpus for this study.In Part Two we focused on the description of this syntax observation, addressed affirmative and negative structures both, and we also observed that the LE particle has influence on the syntax order. We also demonstrated in this part that time-span phrases do not always need to be located ahead of the verbs. Time-span phrases located ahead, which can also show up in affirmative sentences.In Part Three, with cognitive linguistics, cognitive psychology and cognitive frame as guidelines, firstly, we found that the semantic salience for verbs is the vital factor influencing the syntax order of time-span phrases and objectives, especially in the V+C+O structure. However, if pronouns are working as objectives in this structure, they need to follow the verbs, which are mono-syllable words as we discovered as usual in this case. The reason behind is that pronouns usually have no new information in, so it cannot work as the focus at the end of sentences, moreover, because pronouns usually have abstract semantic meaning, which are not strong phonetically, therefore on both diachronic and synchronic perspective, they are used in language as mono-syllable terms. The semantic factor of continuity also has a vital impact on the syntax order, which can also be regarded as the output of time fluency. Thirdly, when time-span phrase is located ahead as adverbial, it means something occurred or not occurred in that time realm. So the relevant negated semantic factor decides the syntax location of time-span phrases, for this reason, time-span phrases can be used as adverbials in affirmative sentences. At the end of this part, we analyzed the LE particle and the difference between with DE and without DE structures.In Part Four, we analyzed the mechanism from the pragmatics perspective. We reviewed this syntax order from a chronic level, and found that it’s not as some scholars claimed, V+C+O is the trend of syntax developing. Secondly, we applied the theory of referential level and information focus in, and pointed out that time-span phrases located ahead or after the objectives, is the result of pragmatic selection by the language users, of course which cannot violate the semantic acceptance. At the end of this part, we concluded that prosody-syntax of Mandarin Chinese also contributes to the syntax order, and drew out our own principle as Fewer-Syllable Ahead of More-Syllable language items. Due to the monosyllable factor of verbs, time-span phrases and objectives are usually used after verbs.Part Five is the conclusion, we concluded the content of this paper, and drew out the mechanism graph of syntax orientation for the order of time-span phases and objectives.