China's Ming River Transportation Research He Area

In history, Hetaomin region has been the competition for land betweenCentral Plains and the Northwest Minority long-term, and Strategic position has been very important. By the Ming Dynasty, the Importance became more prominent. Hetaomin region,Sino-Tibetan combination of Department, has been the Tibetan areas in miniature and had a strong demonstration effect and influence on the entire Tibetan. So it has been forefront in the process of Tibetan areas governance in Ming Dynasty. A lot of policy of the Tibetan Governance first tried out here, then popularized in the entire Tibetan. Therefore, the Ming government built transport network in Hetaomin region, which east to linked the Mainland, west to the Tibetan, north to reach Ganzhou and Liangzhou, south to Sichuan. Hetaomin region has been an important channel. Lots of court messenger, Tibetan tribute envoys, army, people engaged in the tea-horse trade passed through here.It not only strengthened the control to Hetaomin region, but also provided a convenient for Ming government in the process of governance Tibetan, and strengthened the linkages between the Tibetan with the Mainland.This article is divided into five parts, which have a systematic exposition of the traffic in Hetaomin region:Introduction part mainly elaborated topics reason, content, status,goal and methods of the study. On the base of the importance and the particularity in Hetaomin region, the author trials and do explore the specific direction of traffic lines, the important site, traffic usage, prevailing conditions and social impact of the traffic in Hetaomin region. At the same time, Introduction part introduce source of the study briefly.Chapter Ⅰ, the author has reviewed natural environment, the ethnic composition and evolution and changes of Administrative Divisions. Hetaomin region,located the junction of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Loess Plateau and Longnan mountain, has been exchange channel of different ethnic and tribal since ancient times. In history, lots of ethnic such as Han, Qiang, Di, Tuyuhun, Tibetan, Mongolian, Hui used to live here. Ethnic structure is very complex. When Zhongyuan dynasty enter, the region was chosed and ruled. And when minorities become the ruler of this region, most of the each for the king, and not connected genera. Therefore, the administrative districts of Hetaomin region changed along with the changes of dynasty. The special natural environment, ethnic structure, administrative districts change of Hetaomin region made its special and important strategic position and drew the attention of Zhongyuan Dynasty.Chapter Ⅱ,on the base of literature and fieldwork, the author has recovered the transport network in Hetaomin region in Ming Dynasty. Hetaomin region was the bridgehead in the process of management Tibetan areas in Ming Dynasty,the strategic position was more important than former dynasty.Therefore,Ming government attached great importance to the construction of traffic in this area. In Hongwu period, Ming government built post in Hetaomin region.In Yongle and Xuande period, Ming government recoveried the road from HeZhou into Tibetan. Since then, the Gridlocked traffic network of Hetaomin region formed basically.Chapter Ⅲ, the author has analyzed traffic usage in Hetaomin region in Ming Dynasty from envoy activities, tribute trade, tea and horse trade, military activities and so on. The princes from Hetaomin region into Tibetan divided into three parts. In the early Ming dynasty, Hetaomin region was necessary land of Tibetan tribute. And there were lots of tribal leaders and monks who tributed to Beijing. In Ming dynasty, Hetaomin region had been always the important place of Tea horse trade. At last, the author analysed three typical Military activities in Hetaomin region.Chapter Ⅳ, the author has investigated the significance of transportation construction in Hetaomin region In Ming dynasty. The author analyzed from the two aspects mainly:The effect of transportation construction in Hetaomin region In Ming dynasty to this area; the important role in the process of Tibetan areas governance in Ming Dynasty.