Npk With Production Quality Of Chrysanthemum Leaves Yam Physiological Ecology And Impact Study

Dioscorea composite Hemsl. is a kind of perennial grass vine plants, origining from Mexico. It was successfully introduced in our country in1978in xishuangbanna tropical botanical garden. The diosgenin in its roots is the important raw materials and the drug precursor of synthetic steriod hormone drugs,which almost can compound all the steroid hormone synthesis drugs, and was known as the "medicinal gold". Since the wild diosgenin lacks and land is limited, while domestic and foreign demand for diosgenin is growing, so it becomes imperative to introduce high yield and high quality of diosgenin resources. Research shows that, Roots yield and diosgenin in Dioscorea composite Hemsl are higher than that in the local Dioscorea zingiberensis of China, and Dioscorea composite Hemsl. also grow well in some area of China.The chrysanthemum leaves in test collected from shaanxi XunYangXian plant germplasm resources nursery. They are the same in growth vigour. The test site is on the Shaanxi Normal University5/f platform and the test is to study how the proportional fertilization of NPK affect chrysanthemum leaves’physiological ecological index and production quality. The test includes three factors N, P, K, setting5levels, adopting the general rotatory composed design, with the aid of the DPS data processing system. It aims to find out the best fertilizer ratio scheme to ensure diosgenin high and stable yield, to provide the evidence for special fertilizer of chrysanthemum leaves, and eventually to ease production and demand contradiction in diosgenin nipponica.The main research results of this test are:1. The proportional fertilization of NPK has significant influence on growth and development of chrysanthemum leaves. The results of the study show that:the response effect of chrysanthemum leaves’plant height, stem diameter, leaf water content and the chlorophyll content to NPK fertilizers is N>P>K, but their demand vary slightly. Plant high test results show that:when N, P, K match with the three were in the1.0level, that is, each potted d. chrysanthemum leaves of N, P, K fertilizer in order as48.5g and11.Og and5.0g, plant height reach maximum176.97cm simulation. Stem diameter test results show that:chrysanthemum leaves d. stem diameter in N, P, K fertilizer application of each base for48.5g and11.Og and3.1g. Chrysanthemum leaves leaf water content of diosgenin maximum can amount to81.31%, then the corresponding N, P, K is in the level of1.682,1.682,1.0. For every base the fertilizer were N fertilizer51.2g/basin, P fertilizer11.6g/basin, and K fertilizer5.0g/basin. On the same fertilizer effect, chrysanthemum leaves’free water content is the highest, about59.23%. The total water content and free water content have reached the highest, suggesting chrysanthemum leaves grow d. metabolic exuberant, in detail, photosynthetic rate, respiration rate, the growth rate are all very high. Leaf binding water content reaches to the maximum when fertilizer levels bound for-1.682,1.682,1.682, to27.89%. Binding water content and the resistance of the plants closely related. D. chrysanthemum leaves chlorophyll test showed that chlorophyll content and SPAD value consist well. When fertilizer in order as48.5g/basin,11.0g/basin,5.0g/basin, leaf SPAD value achieve the simulated maximum of47.94. Chrysanthemum leaves of chlorophyll content of diosgenin a significantly is higher than the chlorophyll b, and the specific scale relation between them still need further research.2. The test of the blade malondialdehyde the results of the study show that:when N, P, K fertilizer were in the0level,0, the MDA content is the least, about1.071mmol/gFW. At the time the blade accumulates the most MDA, and plant cell membrane injury is the largest, which goes against chrysanthemum leaves diosgenin growth. Catalase (CAT) test results show that:chrysanthemum leaves CAT activity affects the fertilizer as N> K> P mode. Leaf CAT activity have a simulated maximum of181.19U/g-minFW. The corresponding fertilizers are:N fertilizer30.4g,6.9g of fat P and K fertilizer5.0g. When N, P, K fertilizer application of each base are30.4g,11.0g and1.3g, chrysanthemum leaf blade d. POD activity reaches maximum33.83U/g-minFW. The highest proportional fertilization of Chrysanthemum leaves’SOD activity are1.0level inNK, P in the1.682level and consistly N, P, K fertilizer rate is48.5g,11.6g and5.0g per basin, then the SOD vigor for4.66U/gFW.3. Sugar is the product of the photosynthesis plants. Test of starch and soluble sugar content in chrysanthemum leaves found that N, P, K influence on sugar accumulation by N> K> P. When three factors are48.5g/basin,6.9g/basin and3.1g/basin, namely three elements of the level of1.0,0,0, chrysanthemum leaves in the leaves of d. nipponica have highest starch content and the system simulation value is2.51%. Under the same fertilizer conditions, leaf soluble sugar content is also reached the highest of13.71%.4. Diosgenin chrysanthemum leaves roots high yield and root of d. nipponica saponins yuan high content are the most important purpose of fertilizer. The test results show that the fertilization have significant effect on chrysanthemum leaves roots yield. N, P, K influence roots yield by N>K>P. N, P, K three factors work together, the corresponding fertilizer rate is48.5g,6.9g and3.1g per basin, the the maximum yield of roots is504.49g. NPK alone affects the chrysanthemum leaves water content significantly. Considering quadratic regression equations of water content of the roots, three factors affect the chrysanthemum leaves the water content by N>P>K for N, P, K fertilizer rate in order as48.5g/basin,6.9g/basin,3.1g/basin and affect D. saponins yuan by N> K> P, when the three factors interactions diosgenin saponins yuan can be as high as4.44%, the N, P, K were1.0level,0level,0level. Research of the roots yield, water content and saponins yuan content found that their effect to NPK fertilizers is consistent, that is, the best fertilizer ratio scheme to ensure d. high quality and yield is:N fertilizer48.5g/basin, P fertilizer6.9g/basin, K fertilizer3.1g/basin.