Extreme Climate Characteristics Of Time And Space And Risk Analysis In Our Country

Extreme climate events is a complex system, including many of themeteorological disaster events, which has become hot spot issuesconcerning by the contemporary international community andacademia. The occurrence, development and evolution of extremeweather events have close relationship with global warming. The furtherspeeding up of global warming leads to huge loss of the nationaleconomy and the safety of life and property. Our county is one ofcounties which have the most serious extreme climate events leadingto huge loss, especially heavy rainfall, drought, high temperaturedisasters, freeze disaster. Extreme climate events in our county arevarious, widespread, frequent and serious and have attracted highattention by Chinese government and academia.According to the "China meteorological science data sharingservice network" providing the temperature data of756meteorologicalobservatory during1951~2010years, the paper makes statistics byMatlab and excel software and its programming including thetemperature days and the intense heat of summer days mouth bymouth and year by year. At the same time, we use the spatialinterpolation combined with the spatial analysis of ArcGIS to study thespatial distribution and evolution of extreme intense temperature. Andthen we make use of return period of the analysis method, based onboth mapping and analyzing by the index of high temperature eventand high temperature extremum and ascertaining vulnerability of thehigh temperature by the index of population and GDP grid kilometers.According to special matrix, the paper calculates the risk in differentreturn period and maps the distribution of extreme high temperatureevents in order to seek out the district in which have the high risk andneed key defense in extreme high temperature events. For comprehensive prevention and mitigation of disaster as well as nationeconomic sustainable development, this study has great significance.Research shows that:（1） The spatial and temporal distribution of extreme hightemperature has close connection with geographical position, thealtitude, topography, climate type and air pressure with the wind belt.The latitude and height is higher, the extreme high temperature eventsis less. The probability is great in basin. It is easy to happen extreme hightemperature events in desert, arid semiarid region and anticyclonezone of subtropical belt where extreme high temperature events andextreme heat events distribute mainly.（2）The annual distribution and intermonth distribution of extremeweather events has close to the geographical position, in other wordsthat extremely high number of the annual will increase in turn from northto south, the extremum of high temperature becomes high andextreme high temperature is more early and delayed.（3）Extreme high temperature events and extreme heat eventsmainly distribute in Xinjiang turpan, southern region, the south of northChina, central China,east China, south China, the east of northwestChina and east and southwest. The Yangtze River and turpan regionsare the central of area of intensely high temperature. The heart ofextreme heat is situated Sinkiang turpan, Sichuan basin, the YangtzeRiver and south of north china.（4）Using average days of high temperature which surpass20d asa standard, the cities of “eight big stove” are Fuzhou, Changsha,Nanchang, Hangzhou, Haikou, Xi’an, Chongqing, Wuhan.（5）The high risk area of extreme high temperature is Xinjiangturpan and southern xinjiang region of the Yangtze river, north China,central China, south China and east, southwest region, and the scopeof high risk area is different in different return period; superior risk area distribute in Xinjiang region, west Inner Mongolia, southern and centralChina area in north China, east China area in south east, north east,west departs; dominated risk area is constantly transferring; low andlower risk is diminishing, the low risk area distribute in qinghai-tibetplateau at a high altitude; the lower risk area distribute in easterncoastal area, the edge of the Tibetan plateau region, Inner Mongoliaplateau and the loess plateau area.（6）The comprehensive high risk area of extreme high temperatureinclude coastland, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu,shanghai, north Zhejiang, part of Guangdong, near Chengdu,Wulumuqi, Ha Erbin, Changchun, Jilin and Taiyuan and so on. Superiorrisk area mainly distribute in Sichuan basin, Guizhou, Henan, Shandong,Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, also in Shanxi, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Fujian,Guangdong, Guangxi and so on. dominated and comprehensive lowrisk area include parts of the southeast hills, Yunnan, Gansu, InnerMongolia, in southern and eastern parts of the eastern, partial westernXinjiang areas. Lower risk area also distribute in Qinghai-tibet plateauarea. Low risk area is located in most of Xinjiang, Xizang, Qinghai, NeiMenggu, Sichuan.（7）High risk area with the return period changing becomes planardistribution and constantly expands; the proportion of superior risk areais largening mainly in Sichuan basin, north china, east china, centraland southern china; dominated risk area expands to north and westarea; low and lower risk is diminishing from the Tibetan plateau,northeast China, yunnan-guizhou plateau, the loess plateau, InnerMongolia plateau area to the qinghai-tibet plateau and southeast innortheast China.