| "Qi" is an important category of Chinese philosophy. In the pre-Qin Period, scholars firstly found the important effect of "Qi" in people’s life and death. The people who possess "Qi" manifest he have vitality and who don’t possess "Qi" manifest he have died. Limited to the level of science, philosophers can not explain the thing happened in nature and political life. After the research of "Qi", they try to interpret these things by "Qi", so there have a lot of academic achievements."Lii’s commentaries of History" absorbing the predecessors’research of "Qi" and advance a different elaborate.Academic achievements of "Qi" in "Lu’s commentaries of History" can be divided into three parts. The first is to research the characteristics of "Qi"."Qi" includes two characteristics:"Dong" and "Ding"."Dong" brings the possibility of vitality to matter. On the one hand,"Qi" becomes different things in the process of "Dong", this is the promote effect of "Qi". On the other hand, all things are produced by "Qi" indicate the composition effect of "Qi"."Dong" request people take the initiative to find void no matter in maintaining good health or in managing national."Ding" brings the reality of vitality to matter so it is temporarily and essential."Qi" becomes matter need the balance of "Ding" and "Dong", so people need to keep "Ding". The characteristics of "Qi" decide the life and death of all things.Secondly,"Qi" makes matter connect with each other; such connection can be divided into two parts. Connection between human and natural objects is important. Human learn how to "Quan Xing" from natural objects. People can get in touch with natural objects, because both are made up of "Qi" and having the characteristics of "Qi". In the research of the connection between human and "sound", the "Lu’s commentaries of History" discovered the importance of "fitness", human absorbing "Qi" from natural objects must be "fit", otherwise it will break the balance of "Qi" in the human body and harm people’s health. The second is the person-to-person connection and this is the precondition of human society. People have consciousness, so "Lu’s commentaries of History" is mainly on the research of the connection between the human consciousnesses."Heart" can generate consciousness and it is consisted of "Qi", so the intermediary of person-to-person connection is "Qi". The importance of "Qi" not only reflected in the parent-child relationships but also in the king-minister relationship.Finally,"Lii’s commentaries of History" research "time" which contained in "Qi". The importance of "time" first embodies in nature, natural objects will become birth or death under the action of "time", different "time" means the different between natural objects. Secondly,"time" embodied in the human society."Qi" itself is no virtuous or evil, but "Qi" have virtuous and evil when it respect to people. People can change "Qi" from evil to virtuous by part of control "time". Person has the right to choose the fate by grasp and understanding of "time". |
