Second Language Acquisition Research Of "N De V" Structures Which Formed By Two-value Verbs

The clausal-object construction is one of the special sentence patterns of the verb predicate sentences in Modern Chinese, existing abundant in the native corpus. Development up to now, this construction still has high frequency, playing an indispensable role in our daily communication. Many scholars have discussed the problem from the perspective of traditional grammar, and made a lot of research results. But overall, the research is not enough, especially the relation to the second language teaching research. Chinese as one of [+null subject] language, the flexibility of the subject will make foreign students have a big difficulty to study this language phenomenon. From the perspective of second language teaching, foreign students got confused by the use of subject. Visible, the theory of research results are not very well applied to the second language teaching practice.The clausal-object construction is the object of a verb is the embedded clause, a kind of verb predicate sentence, which can be expressed as "N1+V1+(N2+V2)". the subject of the main clause (N1) can be nouns, it can also be nominal pronouns, such as personal pronoun ("ni, wo, ta" etc.), quantified expression ("you ren, mei ger en, meiyou ren" etc.) and question word ("shui"). the subject of the embedded clause (N2) can be the third personal pronoun "ta", it can also be null. When the subject of the embedded clause is personal pronouns, we call it "pronoun subject clausal-object construction". When the subject of the embedded clause is null, we call it " null subject clausal-object construction".Considering whether subject must appear, The verbs are divided into two categories:one is the embedded clause subject must appear, the other is the embedded clause subject can appear or not appear. The second category is the focus of the study. anaphoric relations of the embedded clause subject (pronoun subject and null subject) and the main clause subject in Modern Chinese has some unique, different from the "overt pronoun constraint" principle:first, pronoun and quantified expression or question word can be coreference or non-coreference in the pronoun subject clausal-object construction taken by part verbs, the clause is ambiguous, such as "renwei","juede2","yiwei","xiwang" etc; second, the null subject and the main subject must be coreference in the null subject clausal-object construction taken by part verbs, such as "dasuan","jianchi","fashi","houhui" etc; third, the null subject and the main subject must be non-coreference in the null subject clausal-object construction taken by part verbs, such as "tiyi","fengci","zancheng","huanying2" etc.The survey of "HSK dynamic composition corpus" and the statistical result of "correct use of relative frequency method" show acquisition sequence of foreign students is pronoun subject clausal-object construction acquire earlier than null subject clausal-object construction. In each small category of pronoun subject clausal-object construction and null subject clausal-object construction, first acquire subject of the main clause is pronoun, then subject of the main clause is noun, subject of the main clause is quantified expression and subject of the main clause is question word.The mainly types of errors caused by foreign students are the default of the subject, the surplus of the subject, the misuse of the clausal-object construction, the misuse of the verbs and the wrong order of the clausal-object construction etc. The main reason of these errors are mother tongue influence of foreign students, foreign students’ communication strategy, the characteristics of Chinese language and textbooks or teachers misleading.There is no grammar outline of the clausal-object construction in New HSK Outline. the arrangement of the clausal-object construction in the New Practical Chinese Reader is lack of systematic, so it need to increase the explanation of the clausal-object construction, and to remind students to pay attention to the structure characteristics of Chinese when to translate the clausal-object construction. The appearance sequence of pronoun subject clausal-object construction and null subject clausal-object construction is consistent with acquisition sequence in the New Practical Chinese Reader. The appearance sequence of each small category isn’t consistent with acquisition sequence, specific performance in:in the pronoun subject clausal-object construction, question word of the main subject come earlier than quantified expression of the main subject, but student abroad acquire later; in the null subject clausal-object construction, quantified expression of the main subject come earlier than noun of the main subject, but student abroad acquire later. For the classroom teaching of the clausal-object construction, Chinese teachers must know and grasp the concept, the usage and acquisition sequence of the clausal-object construction, use appropriate teaching methods, and strengthen the knowledge training.