A Study On The Adverbs In Jinwen Shangshu

Adverb is the most complicated word in Chinese language. It hasbeen one of the hot topics in the study of Chinese grammar, and isalso the most controversial. This article studies the characteristics ofadverbs in Jinwen Shangshu and discusses the definition andclassification of the adverbs, which can help us to have a more clearunderstanding on Adverb.Part Ⅱ is the body of this article, which summarized the analysisof applying condition of the adverbs in Jinwen Shangshu. Accordingto the study, there are55adverbs in Jinwen Shangshu, which aredivided into10categories based on their grammatical function andsemantic direction. Different kinds of the adverbs have differentdistinguishing features in the selection of grammar attribute andsemantic direction. In the fact, different adverbs, which have somecommon semantic characteristics, are the same in grammaticalfunction. The more detailed classification means the deeperunderstandings in the distinguishing features of the adverbs. In thelight of grammatical function and meaning, we make some newcategories. For example, we divide the scope adverb into four parts,which are summary adverb、similar adverb、confining adverb andstatistical adverb. Frequency adverb is separated from time adverb.Accumulating adverb is also isolated from Frequency adverb. We havea more profound understanding in the internal composition of theadverbs in ancient Chinese. In the end of Part Ⅱ,we discussed theadverbs which are used together.In Part Ⅲ,this article summarized the adverbs in JinwenShangshu, according to the analysis of applying condition、grammatical function and semantic direction. Then, Part Ⅳ is thecomparison between adverbs in Jinwen Shangshu and adverbs in7other books of pre-Qin times.It drew a outline of the adverbs in ancient Chinese through the comparison.