The Comparative Study Between Xiadu Of Yan State And Lingshou Of Zhongshan State

Both Xiadu of Yan State and Lingshou of Zhongshan State, whish situate in HebeiProvince today, were two important capitals of the Warring States Period and played a majorrole in their respective history of Yan State and Zhongshan State. After the founding of theNation, the archaeologists did a lot of archaeological excavations and research work on Xiaduof Yan State and Lingshou of Zhongshan State. Many experts and scholars have done therelevant research on their concept of selecting, history, layout, construction, type, militarydefense and the influence which produced to the capitals later, and made remarkableachievements. Based on the study of predecessors, this academic thesis will, first of all,comprehensively compare Xiadu of Yan State with Lingshou of Zhongshan State from themacro, find out their similarities and differences, analysis their causes, then concretelycompare their vatan unearthed from the micro, reveal ideological source and culturalconnotation, which can not only embody their politics, economy, culture, and military status,including the link between them, and make us understand the history of Zhongshan State andYan State further, but also the profound significance regarding the general feature research ofcapitals of the Warring States Period.The foreword mainly includes the review of the academic history, the significance ofselecting the title, the methods, the innovation and deficiency of this paper etc. The text isdivided into three parts, including the concrete content and main viewpoint as followed:The first part introduce the general situation of Xiadu of Yan State and Lingshou ofZhongshan State respectively by combining relevant historical records and archaeologicalexcavations, whish can provide some fundamental data for the comparative study later.The second part compare and study between Xiadu of Yan State and Lingshou ofZhongshan State.Xiadu of Yan State and Lingshou of Zhongshan State include five commoncharacteristics: The first aspect is the geographical environment. They situated near themountains and rivers, east to the North China plain, west to the Taihang Mountain. Thetopography was higher in west and lower in east. The second aspect is the capital layout.Their palaces were placed in the northeastern of east city, and the handicraft workshops alsowere laid in east city. They took palaces as the center of the axis of layout. The third aspect isthe capital construction, which both belonged to the double cities in east and west. The palacewas in east city and the city wall was in west. The fourth aspect is the capital type, which bothbelonged to the nature. The fifth aspect is the systems of military defense, which were constructed very strictly. They used wall appurtenance and rivers as double defense systems.There are many factors contributing to the similar features of their selecting: firstly, theyhad to conform to the trend of the times. Secondly, they had to improve the survivalenvironment. Thirdly, the ideology of founding capital influenced them. Fourthly, the plan ofthe ideology affected them. Fifthly, the geographical factors influenced them.Xiadu of Yan State and Lingshou of Zhongshan State include five differences asfollowed: first, the history of their founding-as the capital city, Xiadu of Yan State had300years of history，and Lingshou of Zhongshan State had80years of history approximately;second, the platform shapes-Xiadu of Yan State closed to the exhausted form, and Lingshouof Zhongshan State closed to the peach; third, the construction sites-Xiadu of Yan Statebelonged to the type of the transformation followed, and Lingshou of Zhongshan Statebelonged to a completely new type; fourth, the scales-Xiadu of Yan State had8000metersfrom east to west,4000-6000meters from north to south and the area of35million squaremeters, while Lingshou of Zhongshan State had4000meters from east to west,4500metersfrom north to south and the area of18million square meters; fifth, the burial chamberpositions–Xiadu of Yan State mainly Located in the northwest corner of the East Side,while Lingshou of Zhongshan State was mainly distributed in the northern of the West Sideand the highland of the west side outside.There are many reasons for their differences: Firstly, at that time the economic base ofthem were different. Secondly, they faced specific contradiction. Thirdly, it was associatedwith their natural environment. Fourthly, it was concerned with the ethnic factors. Fifthly, itwas interrelated to the custom.The third part introduce the comparative study of the vatan unearthed in Xiadu of YanState and Lingshou of Zhongshan State. The vatan unearthed in Xiadu of Yan State andLingshou of Zhongshan State had Similarities and differences through the comparative study.The main performance of the similarities of their vatan: from the texture of view, bothwere mainly muddy pottery and coarse gray pottery; from the shape of the point of view, thesemi-circular Vatan occupied the majority; from the decoration of view, both were rich. Thesesimilarities reflected vatan art was lively and innovative features in the Warring States period,which broke the original stiff and pattern and embodied characteristics of the times. It willhave a certain reference value to the vatan installments and dating for further study.The main performance of the differences of their vatan: First, from the shape of view, itwas semi-circular from its production, development even to decline in Xiadu of Yan State, butboth semi-circular and round in Lingshou of Zhongshan State. Second, from the point of the decoration content, it was colorful in Xiadu of Yan State, and the representative was animalmask. However, it was Simple and Milk nail was key pattern in Lingshou of Zhongshan State.Third, from the point of the composition art feature, it always remained axisymmetric inXiadu of Yan State, but various in Lingshou of Zhongshan State. Fourth, from the point of thedegree of influence outside, it had greater impact on other countries and was less affected byothers in Xiadu of Yan State, but it was much more affected by others in Lingshou ofZhongshan State. The reasons: firstly, they had different levels of political and economicdevelopment. Secondly, they had different ideological and cultural backgrounds. Thirdly, theyhad different attributes of ethnic.The summary summarize the main content and probe into the significant reference whishthe systems of two capitals provide for the urban planning and the urban constructionnowadays.