Probe Into Lingshou City Of Zhongshan State

Lingshou City, where situated in the Pingshan County of the Hebei Province, was the later period's capital of Zhongshan State. It was built initially in the year of around 380 B.C. and was abandoned in the year of around 296 B.C. After it was discovered in the year of 1974, archaeologists did a lot of archaeological excavation and then studied deeply it and made great remarkable achievements in scientific research. This academic thesis, based on the research work of predecessors will combine the historical document with archaeological material with a view to studying initially the Lingshou City.This thesis includes the following five chapters.The first chapter is introduction. It gives a brief account of the causes of selecting the title, research significance, objectives, methods, the archaeological excavation and study of the Lingshou City.The second chapter, on the basis of giving a brief account of the geographical position, natural environment of the Lingshou City and the background when the Lingshou City was built, explains the reasons why Zhongshan State chose the Lingshou City as its capital from the following five aspects, including natural factor, political factor, economic factor, traffic factor and social factor. This thesis deems that Zhongshan State founded capital in Lingshou was not only because of the needs of the development of the times and political survival, but also because Lingshou region possessed five superiority in the natural environment,economy,military, transportation and society.The third chapter analyzes firstly the evolutionary process of the plane layout of the Lingshou City by combining the literature material with archaeological material. Secondly, it analyzes the functional districts of the Lingshou City, which includes city wall, city gate, palace district, government office district, handicraft industry district, dwelling district, business district, grave district and sacrificial district.The forth chapter, on the basis of preceding chapters, studies initially the following four questions in their given order,, which are the population scale, military defense syetem and the ideology of founding capital of the Lingshou City and the similarities and differences among the Lingshou City, the Zheng-Han Gucheng and the Xiadu of Yan State. This paper thinks that the population scale of Lingshou City around 333 B.C. was about 4 to 5 million. Lingshou City's military defense system included the following three levels:the first was the city's own defense facilities, including its walls, gates and the eastern subsidiary castle; the second was the natural defensive barriers outside the Lingshou City, including its peripheral rivers, mountains and frontier fortresses; the third was the artificial defense facilities around the city, including its surrounding satellite cities and the north-western Great Wall. The Lingshou City's ideology of founding capital involves addressing idea and planning idea. And the former includes the regional center idea and Sheng-shaped idea; the latter includes idea being suitable and appropriate to the restriction and limitation of the site, functional divisiont idea, axis idea and worshipping hill idea. Lingshou City is the form of double city of planning nature and is a typical symmetrical double city.The fifth chapter is concluding remarks. It summarizes the main content and viewpoint of the thesis.