Inspectation On The Difference Between "Ji Ben" And "Ji Ben Shang"

The adverb "基本" and "基本上" are two words which often used in a diffusedway due to their similarities in semantics. Through investigation on the massivelanguage materials, the paper finds the two are different in three respects. First of all,they are different in the basic meaning and semantic direction. The meaning of "基本" in dictionary is unitary, so is its semantic direction, while the "基本上" has morethan one meaning, its semantic directions include forward, backward, and other typies.Secondly, their syntatic differeces manisfest in syntatic distribution, especially theirposition when coexist with adjunct and predicator. The position of "基本" is morestable, while the "基本上" is more flexible. Furthermore, when it comes to somespecial sentences, the two manisfest some other differences. Last, in pragmatics, thedifference is the degree of subjectivity. Through comparative analysis according tolexis, phrasing and context, the paper finds that the "基本上" is more subjective than"基本".The "基本" and "基本上" are not alone, in modern Chinese, there exists a smallkind of structure that similar to "基本" and "基本上", which is named "X" and "X上". In the second part, the paper takes "原则""原则上" and "大体""大体上" as anexample, discussing their differences and commoms, finding out their commonfeatures.Due to the syntatic features of "X上", the paper finds out the structure’slexicalization tendency. Some of the structure have finished their lexicalization,transforming into words, such as the "基本上". However, some of these words cannotbe found in our dictionary, such as the The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary. In thethird part, the paper discusses the "X上"’ tendency of lexicalization. The X is dividedinto two categories：when the X is an adverb; when the X is an adverb and a noun atthe same time. The paper approaches its lexicalization in two respects: the semantic generalization of "上(up/on/upon)"; the omission of "在(in/on/at)" in the phrase "在X上".According to the differences of "X" and "X上", plus the lexicalization discussedabove, the paper summarizes the problems in the dictionary concerning the twothrough inspectation of several typical dictionaries: omissions of some "X上" whichhas become a word; the inappropriation of some part-of-speech tagging; the notes. Atlast, the paper make recommendations on the notes in the CFL Learner’s Dictionary’compilation.