The Research Of Du Fu’s Xing Poetries

Previously, many scholars take DuFu’s ge poetries and xing poetries as his gexing without taking his xing poetries as a special form of poetry. As a result, it splits xing poetries’independent development and contact. After studying DuFu’ s poetries, I find that Du’s ge poetries and xing poetries are different. In Du’s ge poetries, he mainly expressed his own feelings with little emotions about country. While in Du’s xing poetries, Du express his ambition mainly. It means that Du’s xing poetries reflected current events. From his xing poetries, we can see Tang Dynasty’s prosperity and its trace of decline. As a result, study of Du’s xing poetries is in need. At the same time, the writer find that xing poetries’development has its special context. Only by studying historical roots, we can discuss xing poetries’content and artistic characteristics. So the article divides into three parts.Chapter1:Xing poetries’historical evolutionXing poetries had been existed since Qin Dynasty. But from today’s materials, it is a kind of ancient tune long ago. After that, it was a kind of musical instruments that played by sizhugu mainly. It’s vigorous and crisp. Its strong rhythm can make the exciting atmosphere. It mainly used to nobles’expedition and hunting. However, there’s no evidence to prove it had lyrics. After the progress of Six Dynasties, there were xing poetries with lyrics which can be sung. Scholars started to write many simulated works, and it changed the simple style of folk songs. Ge potries of seven words appeared, for example, CaoPi’s 《Yan Ge Xing》,and developed to qiyan potries. Xing of early Tang Dynasty were mainly writed by scholars, without folk literature. At this time, xing poetry went on developing, and completed the innovation of content and form, with inheritance and innovation. As a result, its musicality came weak while its metrical development had been achieved. It has been poetry of seven words or three words which paid attention to rhythm. After combing, we can summarize the basic concept of Xing poetries:Xing is a kind of music that existed from early Qin Dynasty, and it’s also a kind of instruments. It’s rhythmic and as the Xing Qu’s spread, people or scholars chose words for music. As a result, it came to Xing poetries. Due to HanYuefu’s development, Xing poetries can develop and circulate. In the theme, Xing poetries paid more attention on country and society with universal spirit. In the layout, Xing poetries had many voluminous masterpieces. In the words, Xing poetries didn’t avoid saying deliberately and flexible. In the emotional expression, it argued and expressed authors’ feelings or transited authors’ ideas about history. In the phonological, most of Xing poetries can be sung. After Tang Dynasty, it became to pure poetries gradually which had strong rhythm and show serious theme.Chapter2:Xing poetries’ ideological content.Du Fu’s Xing poetries can divide into four kinds:The first kind mainly satirized the politics. In this kind, Du expressed current political situation and countries’ misfortune. We can see his own expression and political ideas, even his complaint to the ruler. The second kind sighed customs. As Du spent his life in many different areas and contact many customs, especially in KuiZhou, he felt the customs of local ethnic group——Liao. He even had some servants who were from Liao. The third kind mainly expressed his own ambitions. In this kind, Du use the old poetic tradition, with tactful words, expressed his political and ambitions. The fourth kind were parting words. Du had many good friends of different class. There were officers, hermits, and common people and so on. By parting words, it can express his concern for the fate of the feelings, and the friendship between he and his friends.Chapter3:Xing poetries’ artistic characteristics.DuFu express his emotion by his poetries, while he wrote many poetries about country and military in his Xing poetries. Most of them expressed his reflection and worry about history. He expressed his idea about country vividly in his Xing poetries and blended the idea with his special feelings and it came to form Du’s Xing poetries’ characteristic. In the words, he paid much attention on skills and methods. In Du’s Xing poetries, his language features mainly reflected in three respects. In the imagery, Du created much imagery which highlighted his gloomy style. DuFu’s imagery mainly divided into natural features, figures, ancient ruins and so on. In the tricks, Du use different layouts. In the chapter poetries, he inherited poetic tradition and had creation in structure. His reflection reflected changes in social values. In narration and arguments, he use different kinds, some of them were straightforward, some were tactful, some were meaningful.