Research On The Preventive Control Of Mould Disease In Dunhuang Murals

Dunhuang mogao grottoes were affected by some factors such as the local natural environment and the humane environment, as well as making material and production process of murals, which has resulted in a variety of diseases. Mould demage is the biggest among the reasons for destroying the mural painting and it is difficult to harness the diseases. Mould can pollut the mural badly by attaching to the picture and utilize bone glue and decrease cohesiveness, result in mural loose and easily fall off. At the same time, the metabolites produced by mould reproduction and growth phase can discolour the mural pigment, which is irreversible and there isn’t an appropriate approach to eliminate it. Therefore, it is important to protect Dunhuang mural painting by controlling and preventing the mould damage.In this research, Dunhuang mural painting and its environmental microbes were taken as the research object, using microorganism separation technology and experimental analysis method in studying the microbial community on Dunhuang mural painting and the environment, also study on the effect of testing pigment on microorganism and several inhibitors on microbial growth has been done. We look forward to offering scientific grounds to protect Dunhuang mural painting.There are22culturable bacterials of eight genera have been seperated by analyzing the murals sample of53#cave and air samples of245#in the mogao grottoes. They are Bacillus (41.3%), Arthrobacter (24.1%), Pseudomonas (20.7%), Acinetobacter (6.90%), Enterobacter (3.45%), Kocuria (3.45%) And Bacillus (85.2%), Arthrobacter (7.4%), Paenibacillus (3.70%), Erythrobacter (3.70%),which seperated from air samples of245#and4genera of murals samples respectively. Also there are35moulds seperated from11genera of the samples.There are7genera seperated from the murals of Mogao Grottoes53#, they are Penicillium (56.7%), Alternaria (23.3%), Chaetomium (6.67%), Eurotium (3.3%), Cladosporium (3.3%), Stachybotrys (3.3%)and Emericella (3.3%). There are5genera seperated from the murals of Mogao Grottoes245#, they are Penicillium (50%), Alternaria (20%), Cladosporium (15%),Aspergillus (10%)and Davidiella (5%).There are5genera seperated from the air samples of Mogao Grottoes245#, they are Alternaria (56.1%), Penicillium (19.5%), Cladosporium (9.76%), Fusarium (9.76%) and Peyronellaea (4.88%).The testing result on the effect of mural paint on bacterial growth show that the red ferric oxide has small impact on the growth of microorganism, but red lead and cinnabar have large impact on the growth of microorganism. DHXJ05(Enterobacteriaceae), DHXJ08(Bacillaceae), DHXJ16(Bacillaceae) and DHXJ17(Bacillaceae) can regularly growth in the red lead medium, DHXJ05(Enterobacteriaceae) and DHXJ15(Erythrobacteraceae) can regularly growth in the cinnabar medium. Mould DHMJ08, DHMJ11, DHMJ12, DHMJ13, DHMJ18can change the color of the medium with red ferric oxide, DHMJ12and DHMJ13can change color obviously. Mould DHMJ04, DHMJ11, DHMJ15, DHMJ21, DHMJ31, DHMJ33can change the colour of the medium with red lead. Mould DHMJ04, DHMJ11, DHMJ15, DHMJ21, DHMJ31, DHMJ33can change the colour of the medium with cinnabar obviously. Mould DHMJ11, DHMJ12, DHMJ13, DHMJ31can change the colour of the medium with white lead obviously.The experiment result on the effect of inhibitor on mould growth show that the bacteriostasis effects of mercuric chloride and tri-butyl tin oxide is obvious. Both of them have good antibacterial effects on DHMJ13, DHMJ23and DHMJ31. Bacteriostasis effect is strong at0.05%concentration, and be better with increasing inhibitors concentration.Tthe experiment result on the effect of inhibitor on pigment chromaticity show that the influence of inhibitor on pigment chromaticity in a descending order as tri-butyl tin oxide, potassium sorbate, sodium dehydroacetate, benzalkonium bromide, mercuric chloride, dimethyl fumarate. The test result show that mercuric chloride is the most appropriate inhibitor, which has good effect for preventing the mould damage to mural painting but has small effect on pigment chromaticity.