The Research On The Groups Resisting Tsarist Russia Aggression In The Northeast During The Boxer Movement

During the Boxer movement, the groups, such as the Northeast Boxer, the Loyalty Army and the Qing Army against Russia, have struggled against Russian aggression, which smashed the "Yellow Russia" program of Tsarist Russia.These groups behavior shows the characteristics of spontaneousness,mass,organization and continuity. It is a microcosm of modern Chinese people against imperialist aggression, provides a view to know the northeast society and the China-Russia relations in the late Qing Dynasty, and has the important value of academic research.The subject of this article is the groups against Tsarist Russia. The writer tries to interpret the struggle behavior against Russia in the Northeast from a people angle during the Boxer Movement, bying connecting the common people with the upper-class and including the political, social and cultural factors. This article is divided into five chapters in order to analyze three groups-the Northeast Boxer, Loyalty Army and the Qing Army against Russia. We can know the characteristics of the struggle behavior against Russia and find the reason that the different classes resist Tsarist Russia,including farmers, craftsmen, mounted bandit and patriotic officials. The concrete structure is as follows:Chapter I is Introduction.It discusses the historical background, the significance of the topic and research methods, focusing on reviewing the academic achievements on the field of the Northeast Boxer and the Loyalty Army study.Chapter II discusses the Boxer in the Northeast. The first section tells us when and where the Boxers spread to the northeast. The Boxer firstly appeared in Liaoning Yingkou on February in Guangxu twenty-six years. The movement reached a climax in early June. In general, the Boxer incame to Liaoning by sea and land,then gradually moved to Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. The second section shows the organizational structure and characteristics obout the Northeast Boxer. The third section discusses the Northeast Boxer failed under the brutal killings in Russia and the Qing government repression.Chapter III interprets the Loyalty Army’s organizational structure,strategy and the relationship with the Qing government. Compared to the Northeast Boxer,the group had a different performance in the fight against Tsarist Russia, because of the effects of national conditions. After the Northeast Boxer movement was put down, the Loyalty Army was a loose organization against Tsarist Russia, which was made from loyalty Army led by Liu Yinghe, Zhendong Army led by Yang Yulin and the Boxers remnants led by Wang Heda. Through a long struggle, the Loyalty Army has summed up a set of strategies and tactics, had elite weapons. On the one hand, there was a heavy blow to the Russian military. On the other hand, it exposed the weaknesses of the Horse Thief, which has far-reaching implications to the marginalized groups. The third section explore the relation between the Qing government and Russia. We can see it from the Qing government’s attitude. It is realized that the public maintained an ambivalent attitude to the officials.Chapter IV analyzes the fact that the Qing army defend the homeland. During the Boxer Movement, the ruller also played an important role in resisting to Tsarist Russia. In order to interpret the characteristics of the officers and soldiers’ struggle behavior, this chapter analyzes the Northeast officials’ attitude towards Russia and the relation with people against Russia. As the Northeast officials had different views on the issue whether the Qing army should have an armed struggle against the Russian army,the attitude towards Tsarist Russia and struggles are not the same in different places. The author notes that the northeast officials advocating struggle against the Russian army saw the loyalty to the emperor as a precondition in the late19th century and early20th century.When the goverment supported the fight, patriotism loyalty are consistent, which could inspire officials and soIdiers.But it made a conflict between loyalty and patriotism when the goverment changes policy. At that time some officials were consistent with the Qing government.Chapter V explores the motive of these groups and makes a comprehensive and objective evaluation. The first section discusses the farmers’ political awareness, national awareness, religious worship and cultural psychology. The article want to find the reason of the ideologies that the people changed from ordinary farmers to taking up arms to fight against the invading army, from Horse Thief to the heros. The second section review the Northeast groups who struggled against Russian aggression comprehensively and objectively. The study has great results now,in which exists unfair phenomenon of evaluating the Northeast Boxer, the Loyalty Army and the Qing Army against Russia. It is precious for study on history to pursue truth. By analyzing the motive on social environment, personal factors, the writer think that the behavior is the result of the interaction of various motivations. The patriotism plays a major role. The struggle is an important part of the modern Chinese people’s struggle against the invasion, which reflected public awakening of national consciousness and the feelings of naive patriotism. But limited by personal factors, there are some defects such as the backward thinking, error methods, which brought some destructiveness to society in the Northeast.