The Chinese People's Concept Of Tsarist Russia In The Period Of Late 19th Early 20th Century(1895-1905)

From the Sino-Japanese War to the Russo-Japanese War,in this decade, the Chinese people's view of Russia experienced a change,namely pro-Russia, United Russia, to the hatred of Russia, refused to change Russia. A period after the triple intervention all sectors in China once had a favorable impression of the Czarist Russia, regarded the Tsarist Russia as a benefactor. Pro-Russian thought was very popular, driven by pro-Russian ideas, the Qing government's policy of joining hands with Russia came out. This joint Russian policy is the application of "barbarians to control barbarians". After the signing of "Sino-Russian secret treaty " " Luda lease treaty " China began to alert a lot of insight into the Tsarist Russia's evil intentions, which some people not only includes some patriotic intellectuals, but also high-ranking officials, including some governors. They began moving away from the pro-Russian ideology, the idea started to have sparse Russia. Of course, when the Qing government were still pro-Russian, United Russia was still a dominant trend of thought, and this trend of thought in the Qing government's diplomacy with Russia still played a substantial role.During this period, the Qing government put the Uniting Russia thought into practice. Tsarist Russia took advantage the idea of joining hands with Russia of the Qing government to extend its tentacles of aggression to China. Therefore, the Qing government's thinking is no doubt that it played the role of opening the door to robbers.1901 years or so, Russia invaded into Northeast China, outright armed aggression, occupation. This led to strong opposition from various sectors of the China. The Chinese people gained a thorough understanding of the Tsarist Russia's aggressive ambitions, hatred Russia's surging national trend in this stock trends.Driven by hatred of Russia, across the country a massive campaign to resist Russia was set off. At this time there is no cover up Tsarist Russia and its aggression,which led to a broad and universal anti_Russia activity,the member including not only the elite but also the general public. Among the Qing government,there was also a growing number of officials who had understoodd the nature of the Tsarist Russia's invasion, but they submitted a memorials to Qing government,which asked Qing government to refuse Tsarist Russia's invasion of demand,to refuse to sign the contract with Russia.They also attacked the Qing government's joint Russian foreign policy,and accused the pro-Russian elements in Qing government. During this period this wide range of anti-Russia movement played the performance of the awakening the Chinese nation and logo. During this period due to the threat of aggression of tsarist Russia not only to China's sovereignty and interests, but also to the rights and interests of aggression of the other powers in China, so other powers also accused of Czarist Russia and asked the Qing government to refuse the demand of Russia in various ways. Under the impetus of the ideas of anti-Russia, the Qing government was forced to adust Russian policy of the previous stage, and eventually did not agree to Tsarist Russia's invasion of requirements, and if it was hidden to generate a sparse Russia's ideas,from the Russia's alliance against Japan to Japan's alliance against Russia. Since the Russo-Japanese War broke out, there had been new changes of the Chinese people's concept on tsarist Russia,.During this period, the vast majority of patriotic intellectuals inherted the thought of anti-Russia as previous stage on one hand, on the other hand they conducted in-depth analysis of tsarist Russia, They exposed and criticized Tsarist Russia's authoritarian system thoroughly. They came to the conclusion that the war between Russia and Japan was actually a trial of strength between dictatorship and constitutional, and that Russia's autocratic system of tsarist Russia was the root causes of the war result. During this period among the Qing The ruling class there also were a lot of people in favor of this view, this part of the person were regarded as a constitutional faction. And then throughout the whole country a wave constitutional thinking was set off. Qing government had to, at least from the surface response to this stream of thought, and declared a preparatory imitation constitutional politics activity. In this period the Vast majority of patriotic intellectuals came to a conclusion that the yellow race of people were not born inferior to white people's through the analysis of the fact that Russia lost the war to Japan.and they criticized the so-called "Yellow Peril" theory,which definitely sthenthended the self-confidence of the Chinese people.From the general point of view, in this decade from the Sino-Japanese War to the Russo-Japanese War, the Chinese people's concept of tsarist Russia was divided into two kinds, one was that of the vast majority of patriotic intellectuals, represented by the concept of the opposition faction of the Tsarist Russia, one group standed for the tsarist Russian concept of the ruling class. The Russian concept of vast majority of patriotic intellectuals, was an important part of anti-imperialist consciousness of the Chinese people during this period,which focused on the theme of salvation. Their concept of Tsarist Russia at the time was widely spread,which played an important part of enlightening the Chinese people,and to some extent played a role in resistance to Tsarist Russia's aggression. The Russian concept of Qing ruling class was in a negative state on the whole. Qing ruling class lacked the adequate alert to Tsarist Russia's invasion.They once Renzeizuofu to Tsarist Russia,regarded Tsarist Russia as a benefactor and signed the treaty of alliance with Tsarist Russia,which greatly facilitated the Tsarist Russia's invasion of China activity. Facing the Russia's naked armed aggression, they took no effective means to deal with only negative to cope with or rely on other powers to intervene. Thereby Qing government was always in a passive position when dealing with the diplomacy with Russia,.Undet the domination of this kind of Russian concept, Russian diplomacy of Qing government was doomed to fail inevitablely.