Emperor,or Father?

The relationship between Family(家)and State(国)during The Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods is a connecting point—which inherits the Identity of Family and State(家国同一) from previous three dynasties, and initiatives after Qin-Han. Therefore, the relationship between Family and State during The Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods is extremely important, however, it is difficult to be concluded in simple words because of its complexity. At the end of The Spring and Autumn, the idea of Zhong (loyalty) and Xiao (respect for elders) duty had changed. It makes Family-Xiao-Father, States-Zhong-Emperor, as two field and horizon-relationship-objective terms. How does the relationship between Zhong-Xiao reflect the changes between Family-States, Emperor-Father? This is the considered point of this essay.During the earlier period of the Spring and Autumn, people’s selection of values tended to be diversity, it largely due to the situation that Zhong, Xiao cannot be satisfied at the same time.Confucius succeeded this point, and tried to make a balance between the contradiction between Zhong and Xiao in terms of their own discourse environments. As the results of Confucius’, Tseng Tzu’s and other followers" great efforts, there are two different thinking approaches raised, one is Meng Tzu’s "Xiao will definitely prior to Zhong", and the other one is Hsun Tzu’s "Yi Xiao Na Zhong". These two opposite approaches were inherited by following literatures Han Shi Wai Zhuan and Xiao Jing, Hanfeizi, who experiences the change from Confucianism to Legalists by himself, followed the steps of Hsun Tzu and led his way to a dead end. Then, Lv Shi Chun Qiu made a critique and reflection on Hanfeizi’s approach, in addition, it strived to do some returning work. Actually, after the integration of Han Dynasty, the tension between Zhong and Xiaowas stressed to an extreme high level by Han Shi Wai Zhuan. Afterwards, Chun Oiu Fan Lu and Bai Hu Tong began to build up a theoretical structure that consists of "equality of Zhong and Xiao"."Xiao is contained by Zhong","Zhong is higher than Xiao"’ideal aspects. By and large, the relationship between Family and State has performed its path of transformation within the process that the Zhong and Xiao cannot be satisfied at the same time, furthermore, it become the Cannan of Family and State in Qin-Han Dynasty:State is more crucial than Family and Emperor is more critical than Father.