| The study about sentence-accomplishment elements started at the end of1980s. Mr.Hu Mingyang defined the conception firstly, and then, a series of work was spread. As one kind of sentence-accomplishment element, complement plays an important role, and even, some sentences could not stand alone without complement. But up to present, the studies on the function of sentence-establishment about complement are not so much. Thus, this article makes a research on the function of sentence-establishment about complements in the scope of "subject+verb+complement+object " sentence pattern.First of all, based on the sentence-establishment standard proposed by Wang Ailu, we give a much more profound development and demonstration about sentence-establishment standard itself under the guidance of Three-Plane Theory of Chinese Grammar. We think an established sentence must meet three standards at the same time, which includes the syntactic standard, semantic standard and pragmatical standard. Among them, the syntactic standard requires that those syntactic constituents must match appropriate parts of speech and the structural relationship between the constituents should be reasonable. The semantic standard requires the semantic meaning between the elements to be logical and to afford sufficient information which makes sentence-meaning complete and clear. Besides, in some action or event sentences, the sentence-accomplishment elements which are used to restrict the verbs are indispensable, such as tense and aspect elements, negative elements, modality elements and so on. While the pragmatical standard requires that a sentence must own expression function. Those three standards, linking together closely, which are from the surface to the center, have no absolute boundaries.And then, we construct the whole framework according to the grammatical relations between the verb and its object in "subject+verb+complement+object " sentence pattern. The conclusions are as follows:when there’s no grammatical relations between the verb and its object, complements mainly play a role of completing the sentence structure, making the sentence established in the syntax plane independently and simultaneously playing an important role in "completing the meaning" in the semantic plane. However, it still needs some other sentence-accomplishment elements’supporting like structural particle "le"(such as resultative complements and directional complements), modal particle "le"(such as degree complements) or adverbial modifier (such as directional complements) to make the sentence set up in the semantic and pragmatic plane. When there has some grammatical relations between the verb and its object, only potential complements, which owns the strongest sentence-establishing ability, can make the sentence accomplished independently in three planes. Others like resultative complements, quantity complements, degree complements and directional complements (including those expressing consequent meaning or state meaning) mainly play a part in adding new information and making the sentence meaning complete and clear in the semantic plane. But all of them need the cooperation of auxiliary word "le" when moved into communication. While directional complements expressing space meaning must cooperate with quantity attributives which modify the object. But pay attention, complements are not indispensable sentence-accomplishment element in all "subject+verb+complement+object" sentences, which need do specific analysis in specific environment.Finally, we’ve discussed the influencing factors of the sentence-establishment function of complements, which mainly refers to the valence of verbs and semantic direction of complements. When the verb is of one valence, with its agentive argument corresponding to the subject or the object in the sentence, complements should be an indispensable sentence-accomplishment element playing a role of sentence-establishing in the syntax plane. When the verb is of two valences with an agentive argument and an object argument, but the object argument is not the object of "subject+verb+complement+object " sentence, complements should also be an indispensable sentence-accomplishment element playing a role of sentence-establishing in the semantic plane. When the verb is of two valences with an agentive argument and an object argument, and the object argument is correspond to the object of "subject+verb+complement+object " sentence, complements’sentence-establishing ability are not uniform, which is mainly decided by the semantic direction of complement itself. Under this condition, complements directing to the object have much stronger sentence-establishing ability than those directing to the subject or the verb.This article has given a relatively detailed summary and analysis toward sentence-establishment function of the complement from one perspective, which has broadened the research area of complements to some extent. |
