Research On The Political Transition From "the Doctrine Of Law And Confucianism" To "Moral Education Only" In The Period Of Emperor Han-xuan And Emperor Han-yuan Of Han Dynasty

It is the turning period of Han Dynasty gradually declined from prosperity in the period of Emperor Han-xuanand Emperor Han-yuan of Han Dynasty. In Emperor Han-xuan times when“Han-xuan had notable exploits whichcan glorifying his ancestors, and also had established the grand great cause which can be used as a permanentmodel for heirs, He was the emperor of the resurgence of Han dynasty”,but starting from Emperor Han-xuan timeswhen“Emperor Han-xuan’s grand plan cause was fading”Western Han Dynasty began to decline. the declinedfrom prosperity is closely related to the political transition from“the doctrine of law and Confucianism”to“Moral Education Only”in the period of Emperor Han-xuan and Emperor Han-yuan. This paper, taking thePowerful Landlord and the Confucian scholar transformed into the intelligentsia and Confucian Classics’establishment the dominant position in ideology in the period of Emperor Han-xuan and Emperor Han-yuan asmain clue, reveals intelligentsia is the decisive force of the political transition from“the doctrine of law andConfucianism”to“Moral Education Only”.The fist chapter spreads its content around the Salt and Iron Meeting which exerts a great influence on thepolicy of economy, polity and ideology in the middle and later periods of Western Han Dynasty. Based on thestudy of the social crisis in later stage of Hanwu emperor, The essence of the domestic affairs of Hanwu emperortimes, the tortuous development of the Powerful Landlord in early Han and Hanwu emperor times and itspreliminary transformation into the intelligentsia, the Confucian scholar’s actual political status declining inHanwu emperor times, we reveal that the Salt and Iron Meeting is a debate on which Confucian scholar which onbehalf of the interests of the Powerful Landlord seizes the political power and the rights of economic benefits toInterest Group which is composed of officials who upholding the theory of Legalist School which is representedby Sang Hongyang .The second chapter discusses the Powerful Landlord integrated into feudal regime rapidly and merged intothe part of the feudalism imperial power system by means of the Officer Election System with the enhancement oftheir economic strength, transforming into the intelligentsia integrated with economic power, political power andfamiliarity with Confucian Classic. On the other hand, Confucian Classic which won the great attention paid by theruling class more and more and permeating in all aspects of political life in Hanxuan emperor times combined withthe feudalism imperial power through the Shiquge Conference and established the dominant position in politicalideology. The political power composed by Confucian scholar was rising and Confucian scholar was increasinglytransforming into the intelligentsia, with the feudalism imperial power gradually established the dominant positionin political ideology. The intelligentsia monopolize the political power and the rights of economic benefits in laterstage of Hanxuan emperor, with the Powerful Landlord and the Confucian scholar transforming into theintelligentsia and breaking the situation that the intelligentsia shares the state power with officials who upholdingthe theory of Legalist School, which lay a foundation for the political transition from“the doctrine of law andConfucianism”to“Moral Education Only”in the period of Emperor Han-xuan and Emperor Han-yuan.The third chapter discusses the intelligentsia transformed by the Powerful Landlord and the Confucian scholarwhich was increasingly bureaucratization, confucianismization, aristocrat, constituted the foundation of stateregime and was the political dominant power in the period of Emperor Han-xuan and Emperor Han-yuan . Theintelligentsia seized the power of economy, polity and ideology, which not only influenced the government structure in the period of Emperor Han-xuan and Han-yuan, but also made the Confucianism believed by theintelligentsia being the dominant ideology in the field of polity and society. Till then, the political policy ofEmperor Han-yuan started the transition from“the doctrine of law and Confucianism”to“Moral EducationOnly”,and The intelligentsia absolutely controlled the domestic and foreign policies of Han Dynasty and thenational policy reflected the interests of the intelligentsiaThe complementary part introduces“interest group theory”of Mancur Olson to demonstrate the relationbetween the Interest Division Group composed by the intelligentsia and the political transition in the period ofEmperor Han-xuan and Han-yuan and the rise and fall of the Western Han Dynasty. This proved once more that theintelligentsia is the decisive force of the political transition from“the doctrine of law and Confucianism”to“Moral Education Only”and is the main reason of the decline and fading of the Western Han Dynasty.