The Influence Of Coenzyme Q₁₀ On Experimental Models Of Chronic Periodontitis In Rats

Objective:To investigate influece and preventive effect of coenzyme Q₁₀onexperimental models of periodontitis in rats.The levels of TNF-α and IL-10inperiodontitis gingival tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry assay.The effect and mechanism of coenzyme Q₁₀on periodontitis were preliminarydiscussed, trying to provide a theoretical basis for clinical drug prevention andtreatment of chronic periodontitis.Method:24healthy Wister rats which weigh about200g were divided into3groups randomly,8in each group: normal group（N group）,coenzyme Q₁₀treatment group(Q₁₀group)and periodontitis group（P group）. The animalswere housed separately, feeding and water intake freely. After one weekadaptive feeding, The N group was fed with normal food and drink; othergroups were replicated rat periodontitis model by maxillary first permanentmolar were silk ligation+viscosity high-sugar diet+drank the water withdung from itself. Periodontal indexes and X-ray exams were used to determinethe successful setting up experimental periodontitis model. Rats in Q₁₀groupwere fed daily10%water-soluble coenzyme Q₁₀9mg/kg, P group were fed thesame dose of normal saline. Changes of rats activity, diet, weight, stool, etc,were observed in three groups throughout the experiment, and once every twodays, the oral gingival tissue were checked for bleeding, swelling, erosionand periodontal pocket formation. The weight, mean depth of periodontalpocket and total attachment loss of rats in each group were measured andanalyzed statistically before administered and4th,8th,6th,12th weekendsafter administered. Rats in each group were killed with excessive anesthesiaand cervical dislocation after indicators observation and detection of preadministered at4st,8st,12st weekend after administrated. Mandible andperiodontal tissue of maxillary first permanent molar of rats was taken andplaced40g/L paraformaldehyde. The gum tissue were dehydrated, embeddedin paraffin, done paraffin sections, immunohistochemical stained after antigenretrieval, observed by microscopy. Then the inflammatory cytokines TNF-αand IL-10of periodontal tissue were measurated.Results：1Establishment of periodontal animal modelQ₁₀group and P group have been periodontitis （PD≥0.５mm） aftermodeling six weeks. Alveolar bone was resorption. Alveolar crest wasworm-eaten and was reduced （see Fig1）. Q₁₀group and P group comparedwith N group, systemic and local clinical manifestations were significantdifferences and mean depth of periodontal pocket and total attachment losswere significant difference （P <0.01）（see Table1,2,3）.Modeling wassuccessful.2Observation of the general status and periodontal statusThe systemic and oral partial of rats in N groupl have no significantinflammation throughout the experiment: increasied weight, active demeanor,normal food and water. Mandibular first molar gums were thin, tough, probing,no bleeding, no attachment loss. Rats in P group and Q₁₀group graduallyshowed fatigue, loss of appetite, slow weight gain in two weeks. Bilateralmandibular first molar of rats in P group and Q₁₀group were swollen gums,easy bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket formation at6th weekend. Thesystemic and local conditions of the rats in Q₁₀group after administration weregradually improving, the diet were increased and activity were graduallyactives. The gums color, the degree of swelling and bleeding on probing of themandibular first molar improved nearly achieved the level of N group at12thweekend. Systemic and local situation of animals in P group wereprogressional worse. Gums of mandibular first molar became dark red,swollen, easy bleeding by touch, deep periodontal pockets at12th weekend.3Periodontal indicators examination Periodontal pockets and loss of attachment of rats in N group is notformed throughout the experiment. Mean depth of periodontal pocket and totalattachment loss of maxillary first permanent molar of rats in P group and Q₁₀group were significantly greater than N group before administrated andobservation time points after administration（P <0.01）. Mean depth ofperiodontal pocket and total attachment loss in Q₁₀group and P group had nostatistically difference before administrated（P＞0.05）. Mean depth ofperiodontal pocket and total attachment loss in Q₁₀group were significantlyless than P group after administrated at12th weekend （P <0.01）.4Immunohistochemistry detectedThe expressions of TNF-α in P group significantly higher than Q₁₀groupafter administrated at12th weekend（P<0.01）; the expressions of IL-10in Pgroup significantly lower than the Q₁₀group（P<0.01）.Conclusion：1Rat periodontitis model was successfully copied the through maxillaryfirst permanent molar were silk ligation+viscosity high-sugar diet+drank thewater with dung from itself.2Coenzyme Q₁₀significantly improved systemic and periodontal localindicators of rats, slowing attachment loss and alveolar bone resorption.3Immunohistochemistry results show that the expression of TNF-α inthe periodontitis gingival tissue of rat gradually depress and the expression ofIL-10constantly increases. Coenzyme Q₁₀may play a role of treating andeasing periodontitis.