| Research BackgroundAs a nutritional disease closely related to life style, obesity has certain relevance with the improvement of current people’s living standard, change of dietary structure, increase of intake of food with high fat, high glucose and high cholesterol, and decrease of sports and etc.. In recent years, the phenomena of teenager suffering obesity have been on the rise. Data offered by International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) and report on burden of diseases from WHO has showed that overweight and obesity rate of global teenager have approached10%, and that the rates of obesity in teenager have been proven to have marked differences in various countries and areas, and that the rate of obesity in teenager in developing countries grows rapidly although it is lower than that in developed countries. In recent10years, the tendency of growing dramatically in obesity in teenager in developing countries has gradually aroused people’s concerns. Obesity in teenager has become a problem of public health we must pay attention as the adolescent’s obesity is closely related to numerous chronic diseases at adult stage such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia (HLP), diabetes and atherosclerosis cardiovascular diseases.Four research results on national students’constitution and health respectively in 1985,1991,1995and2000showed men and women were overweight in large cities in1985, with the detection rate of a little higher than1%and obesity rate of0.1%～0.2%.; Afterwards, the rate of overweight and the rate of obesity both increased manifold. The rates of overweight for men and women at the age of7to18increased from0.6%and0.9%in1991to11.7%and6.8%in2000. All amplifications at each age during1995to2000were about50%. To sum up, the phenomena of children’s and adolescent’s overweight and obesity rate have increased year by year, and have presented a tendency of accelerating to rise, which is noticeable in large cities. With improvement of people’s living standards and gradual changes of health concept, obesity not only has become one of focused questions by public daily lives, but also attracted academic circles to extensively research related matters to obesity. The related researches have showed that preventive measures of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence have important significances to prevent obesity in adulthood and its related diseases. Based on the facts above, the research aims to take adolescents in some middle school of Yang Jiang as an object of research, and take targeted interventions and evaluate intervention effects based on understanding occurrence of obesity and its influencing factors, in expectation of providing scientific grounds for formulating countermeasures on obesity in teenager.Objective1. Understand occurrence of obesity in adolescents and its influencing factors2. Evaluate the effects of interventions such as adjusting health education&diet plans, and setting up courses on body building exercises, individualized diets, guidance in exercises and etc.Methods1Research methods:understand occurrence of obesity in adolescents in some middle school and its influencing factors with the method of survey on present situation; carry out researches on each group of objects, and evaluate the effects of interventions such as adjusting health education&diet plans, and setting up courses on body building exercises, individualized diets, guidance in exercises and etc. with the method of experimental epidemiology.2Object of research:select572students at the age of16～17, including270females and302males, in4classes in some middle school of Yangjiang with the method of stratified sampling. All students were found to not suffer prevalent diseases after examination of state of health.3Criteria of overweight and obesity:Criteria of overweight and obesity adopts the standard of classification by Chinese Body Mass Index [(BMI)=weight(kg)/height(m2)] recognized by WGOC. BMI<18.5kg/m2is too low weight;18.5kg/m2≤BMI<24. Okg/m2is normal weight;24. Okg/m2≤BMI<28.0kg/m2is overweight; BMI≥28.0kg/m2is obesity, with elimination of obesity caused by diseases&drugs in endocrine system and central nervous system. Meanwhile, weight was measured by standard weighing scale at the precision of0.1kg; height was measured by SZF-1type of height sitting meter at precision of0.1cm.4Intervening methods:4.1Health education:Such methods as centralizing classes and extending publicity material are applied to promote epidemic factors of obesity, harms of obesity to health, and preventive methods of obesity. Teaching means of multimedia are applied to lectures on health knowledge, symposiums, knowledge contests and etc.4.2Scheme of dietary adjustment:Such contents as quantity of food, frequency of eating, type of food and etc. need be adjusted. Fat students are asked to have nutritious lunch in supervision at school, but have breakfast and supper at home. Parents need to be guided to confect reasonably breakfast and supper for their children; the intake of pot foods, fried food, sugared beverages need be strictly controlled.4.3Setting up courses on body building exercises:Courses on body building exercises are set up in school, and fitness instructors are arranged to lead students to exercise for1hour and30minutes each day.4.4Individualized diet and guidance in exercises:Fat students are asked to fill in self-management manual on diet and exercises, and to record conditions in detail such as life style, eating habits, sports and etc. Intervention group need make a prescription on personal health education and behaviors guidance according to each fat teenager’s changes of weight and characteristics of exercises and eating behaviors.5. Statistical methodAll materials should be analyzed and processed by SPSS16.0statistical software package. Qualitative data by means of specific statistical method is tested to analyze by chi-square of Table R×C, and quantitative data is tested to analyze by t-test.Results:1. Basic information572questionnaires are issued to572students surveyed.551effective questionnaires are retrieved, which reaches the recovery rate of96.6%. In551people, there are51obese people and468non-obese people (there are500non-obese people in total, except for32people with too low weight caused by malnutrition), which indicates detection rate of overall obesity of9.26%, and detection rate of male obese (9.8%) is slightly higher than that of female obese (8.5%), but no apparent statistical differences between both are available (χ2=0.308, P=0.579)2. Factors of suffering2.1Family history of obesity:Significance test has showed obesity in teenager has statistical association with obesity in parents (χ2=5.55, P<0.05). The obese parents probably give birth to obese teenager.2.2Eating habit:Bad eating habit has a great impact on occurrence of simple obesity in adolescents. Three factors including high choleric diet (χ2=5.09, P<0.05), fast eating speed (χ2=7.7, P<0.05) and eating and drinking too much (χ2=12.29, P <0.05) have marked significances in distribution of obese and non-obese students.2.3Factors of sports:Comparison and analysis between everyday outdoors exercises for≤1h and>1h shows time spent by obesity group in outdoors exercises has no apparent statistical differences from that by non-obesity group (χ2=0.23, P>0.05).3. Outcomes of intervention3.1Basic information:Before intervening measures for health education are taken, all obese teenager are investigated by questionnaire on health knowledge, with a result of average point of (65.2±8.1); After intervening measures finishes, all obese teenager are investigated by questionnaire on health knowledge once again, with a result of average point of (87.6±6.6). After comparison before and after taking intervening measures for health education, the children’s awareness rate of health knowledge is found to improve dramatically (P<0.05).3.2Improvement of bad habitsAfter intervening measures are taken, risk factors such as bad eating habits, lack of exercises and etc. in obese teenager are improved dramatically compared with that before intervening measures. After intervening, physical activity rate of obese teenager improves by83.0%and intake rate of breakfast by62.8%, while intake rate of fried food decreases by59.4%, feeding rate before sleeping by7.9%, irrationality of diet structure by62.8%, eating and drinking too much by25.5%, fast food by21.6%and fast feeding speed by23.6%.3.5Changes of body patterning indexAfter10-month intervention of losing weight by aerobics, BMI of male students decreases to (25.5±0.48) after intervention from (28.5±0.19) before intervention, and BMI of female students decreases to(25.9±0.36)after intervention from (28.4±0.50) before intervention. Consequently female and male students’ body shape index have statistical significances compared with that before intervention.Conclusion1、The survey revealed, compared with students with non-obesity, students with obesity have bad eating behaviors such as eating in a hurry, eating and drinking too much, high caloric diet and etc., which will inevitably lead teenagers to increase food consumption and calories contents. The differences of distribution between two groups have statistical significances. It has been inferred from numerous materials little amount of exercise is another large reason to cause obesity. But in this survey, differences of time spent on exercise don’t have statistical significances, but are perhaps related to little time spent on exercise by students.2. It has been found students and their parents have lower awareness rate. After accepting knowledge of health education, they get significantly higher scores in questionnaire on health knowledge, and both realize various side effects caused by obesity. Regarding scientific weight-losing, it is necessary to improve health awareness and realize transformation from knowledge to attitude, then to behaviors. Namely, it is crucial for students and their parents to understand correctly obesity and health knowledge of obesity, and to build up active and accurate belief and attitude. Only in this way can they cultivate actively behaviors to lose weight beneficial to health, control effectively obesity on teenager, and improve life quality of obesity students for laying a solid foundation for preventing occurrence of several noninfectious chronic diseases in adulthood. The researched51students achieve good effects after adjusting dietary plans, and setting up courses for body building exercise and guide for individual diet and exercises. |
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