Analysis Of Risk Factors Between Men And Women Patients With Essential Hypertension

Objective:With the social development and improvement of living standards, the prevalence of essential hypertension is increasing gradually, which has become into the leading causes of death in many developed and developing countries, however, few researches have been done on the primary prevention of essential hypertension in male and female population. To be effective in preventing essential hypertension, full understandings of its risk factors should be done. Main risk factors of essential hypertension are currently recognized as genetic backgrounds and unhealthy habits, however, there might exists some differences between men and women with essential hypertension in risk factors, study on this question might be helpful for developing more targeted prevention methods of essential hypertension for men and women according to their different characteristics. The current study focused on the difference in risk factors between men and women patients with essential hypertension in order to provide some directions to the primary prevention in male and female population.Methods: 1531patients with essential hypertension admitted to Qilu Hospital from June2010to November2011were collected. The survey includes the respondent’s family history of essential hypertension, especially the father and mother, other contents include age, educational level, dietary habits, lifestyle, smoking history, drinking history, history of chronic diseases and drug uses. Blood samples in patients were collected in the first day of admission for the measurement of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Automatic Spanning Tree(AST), Creatinine(Cr), Uric acid(UA) and Cystatin C(Cys-c).Results:1. Genetic factors:1.1The proportions of male and female patients without family history of essential hypertension were51.68%and53.44%respectively (P>0.05).1.2The proportions of male and female patients with paternal family history of essential hypertension were17.31%and11.76%respectively, the male group is higher than the female group (P<0.05). The proportions of maternal family history of essential hypertension in the male and female groups were17.31%and25.24%respectively, the female group is higher than the male group (P<0.05). The proportions of parents family history of essential hypertension in the male and female groups were13.7%and9.56%respectively, the male group is higher than the female group (P<0.05).1.3The male group was divided into4groups:paternal genetic group (group1), maternal genetic group (group2), parents genetic group (group3) and no family history group (group4). The onset ages of essential hypertension were50.1±13.5、46.5±11.1、45.3±9.7and56.8 ±11.8years old respectively. Statistical analyses shown that P1-3, P1-4, P2-3, P2-4and P3-4<0.05, only P1-2>0.05, indicating that patients with maternal genetic history and parents genetic history have high blood pressure earlier than patients with paternal genetic history and no family history.1.4The female group was also divided into4groups:paternal genetic group (group1), maternal genetic group (group2), parents genetic group (group3) and no family history group (group4). The onset ages of essential hypertension were53.1±12.1,50.8±12.3,43.3±12.1and56.8±-11.8years old respectively. Statistical analyses shown that P1-3, P1-4, P2-3, P2-4, P3-4<0.05, only P1-2>0.05, indicating that the onset ages of essential hypertension was group4> groups2and3> group4.2、Environmental factors:In the male group, the proportion of smoking was56.52%, the proportion of drinking was38.18%, the body mass index (BMI) was26.1±4and the sodium intake was7.6±1.5g per day. In the female group, the proportion of smoking is only6.33%, the proportion of drinking was1.84%, the BMI was25.5±4.3and the sodium intake was7.3±1.5g per day. The proportion of type A personality is higher in the female group than the male one.Conclusion:There existed some differences in genetic risk factors and environmental risk factors between men and women with essential hypertension. More attention should be paid to these differences when directing men and women for primary prevention of essential hypertension.