| Objective:Rural drinking water safety is the most concerned about, the most direct and practical issue of farmers and it is an important symbol of the living condition improvement. In order to solve the problem of drinking water, our country has taken rural drinking water safety as national important content of "Eleventh Five-Year" and "12.5" plan. The purposes of this research were:1. To learn the basic situation of the rural drinking water in2008-2010in Yantai.2. To understand the failure indicators and sample results of rural drinking water in2008-2010in Yantai.3. To understand the quality differences of the rural drinking water between dry season and wet season, among different years in Yantai City.We hope this study can provide a basis for the relevant departments to develop drinking water related policy and measures.Methods:1. Small centralized water supply points were selected randomly in rural areas in Yantai as monitoring points, the numbers of monitoring points were104,158, and195respectively in2008-2010.2. The basic conditions investigation:We developed questionnaire and investigated the basic conditions at each monitoring point.3. Sample collection:We colleted water in both wet season and dry season, treated water and peripheral water for each one class monitoring point, peripheral water for each second class monitoring point.4.Sample testing:19drinking water indicators of all collected water samples were tested.5.Statistical analysis:The database was entried by Epidata and analysed by SPSS18.0.Results:1. Monitoring results in2008(1). Monitoring results in dry seasonI. Colonies, nitrate, total coliforms were the main failure indicators of rural drinking water in dry season in Yantai.The pass rates were69.5%,76.4%,and87.4%respectively.II. The total pass rate of rural drinking water in dry season in Yantai was49.4%. The pass rates of sensory traits and general chemical indicators, the toxicology indicators and the microbial indicators were95.4%,76.4%, and62.1%.(2). Monitoring results in wet seasonI. Total coliform group, total number of colonies, heat-resistant coliforms, nitrate were the main failure indicators of rural drinking water in wet season in Yantai. The pass rates were39.7%,51.7%,55.2%, and75.3%.II. The total pass rate of rural drinking water in wet season in Yantai was25.9%. The pass rates of the sensory traits and general chemical indicators, the toxicology indicators, the microbial indicators pass rate were88.5%,74.1%, and35.1%.(3) The comparison of monitoring results between wet season and dry seasonⅠ. The comparison of water quality in dry and wet season showed that the sensory properties and chemical index (X2=5.593,P=0.018) had significant difference in two groups, in which the pass rate of iron was statistically significant. There was no difference in the toxicology indicators pass rate in two groups. The pass rate of the microbiological indicators in dry season (62.1%) was higher than that in wet period (35.1%)(x2=25.41,P<0.05).Ⅱ. The comparison of the total pass rate in different seasons showed that the rate of dry season (49.4%) was higher than that in wet period (25.9%)(x2=20.579,P<0.05).2. Monitoring results in2009(1). Monitoring results in dry seasonI. Colonies, nitrate, total coliforms were the main failure indicators of rural drinking water in dry season in Yantai.The pass rates were66.0%,61.3%, and79.7%respectively.II. The pass rates of sensory traits and general chemical indicators, the toxicology indicators and the microbial indicators were89.5%,59.8%, and58.2%.(2). Monitoring results in wet periodⅠ. Total coliform group, total number of colonies, heat-resistant coliforms, were the main failure indicators of rural drinking water in wet season in Yantai. The pass rates were29.5%,30.3%, and41.7%.Ⅱ. The pass rates of the sensory traits and general chemical indicators, the toxicology indicators, the microbial indicators pass rate were87.0%,53.1%, and18.5%.(3) The comparison of monitoring results between in wet season and dry seasonⅠ. The comparison of water quality in dry and wet season showed that the sensory properties and chemical index (X2=0.734,P=0.391) had no significant difference in two groups. There was no difference in the toxicology indicators pass rate in two groups (X2=2.270,P=0.132). The pass rate of the microbiological indicators in dry season (58.2%) was higher than that in wet period (18.5%)(X2=84.922,P<0.05).Ⅱ. The comparison of the total pass rate in different seasons showed that the rate of dry season (30.9%) was higher than that in wet period (13.8%)(X2=21.429P<0.05).3. Monitoring results in2010(1). Monitoring results in dry seasonⅠ. Colonies, nitrate, total coliforms were the main failure indicators of rural drinking water in dry season in Yantai. The pass rates were73.6%,76.7%, and 87.6%respectively.Ⅱ. The pass rates of sensory traits and general chemical indicators, the toxicology indicators and the microbial indicators were90.3%,76.4%, and67.6%.(2). Monitoring results in wet periodⅠ. Total number of colonies,total coliform group, heat-resistant coliforms were the main failure indicators of rural drinking water in wet season in Yantai. The pass rates were35.5%,49.7%, and56.4%.Ⅱ. The pass rates of the sensory traits and general chemical indicators, the toxicology indicators, the microbial indicators pass rate were89.4%,65.2%, and27.3%.(3) The comparison of water quality between in wet season and dry seasonⅠ. The comparison of water quality in dry and wet season showed that the sensory properties and chemical index (X2=0.150,P=0.669) had no significant difference in two groups.The pass rates of overall toxicology indicators (X2=10.025,P<0.05) had significant difference in two groups,the pass rate in dry season (76.4%) was higher than in wet season (65.2%),and the pass rate of nitrate nitrogen had significant difference (X2=10.087,P<0.05); The pass rate of the microbiological indicators in dry season (67.6%) was higher than that in wet period (27.3%)(X2=107.491,P<0.05)Ⅱ. The comparison of the total pass rate in different seasons showed that the rate of dry season (47.0%) was higher than that in wet period (15.8%)(X2=21.429,P<0.05).4、Comparison of comprehensive water quality from2008to2010(1) Rural drinking water quality was different in wet season in different years and the difference was statistically significant (X2=11.597,P<0.05). The lowest pass rate was in2009(13.8%). Sub-test showed that there was no significant difference in toxicological indicators (X2=20.521,P<0.05), the lowest in2009(53.2%); the microbial indicators for each year also had statistically significant difference(X2=15.064,P<0.05), lowest in2009(18.5%). The difference of sensory properties and the annual general chemical indicators was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The individual test results showed that the difference of nitrate nitrogen, total bacterial count, heat-resistant coliforms, total coliforms was statistically significant (P<0.05), the lowest pass rate in2009. Other items showed no statistical significance.(2) Rural drinking water quality was different in dry season in different years and the difference was statistically significant (X2=20.31,P<0.05), the highest pass rate in2008(49.43%), the lowest in2009(30.86%). Sub-test showed that there was no significant difference in toxicological indicators (X2=22.688,P<0.05), the highest pass rate in2008(76.44%), the lowest in2009(59.77%). The difference of sensory properties and the annual general chemical indicators and the microbial indicators was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The individual test results showed that the difference of nitrate nitrogen was statistically significant (X2=19.380,P<0.05), no difference in fluoride and arsenic (P>0.05).(3) There was no difference between the treated water and peripheral sensory properties (P>0.05). The pass rate of toxicological indicators of peripheral water was higher than that of the treated water (P<0.05).Different ways of rural drinking water supply comparison shows that the difference in the microbial water quality indicators, toxicological indicators, and overall water quality was statistically significant (P<0.05). The water quality of complete disinfection had the highest pass rate, followed by incomplete disinfection, the lowest pass rate was not-disinfection group.Conclusions:1. Microbial indicator was the main fail indicators of rural drinking water in Yantai in2008-2010.The reason was that effective disinfection and purification were not used for most centralized water supply facilities.2. The water quality in dry season was better than that in wet season in2008-2010.3. There was no significant difference in the sensory traits, general chemical and toxicology indicators in rural drinking water in Yantai in2008-2010in addition to iron, nitrate.4、The water quality in2009was the worst in these three years. |
PDF Full Text Request