The Application Of Cell Karyotype Analysis In Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Objective: To explore a modificatory method for AML diplaying chromosomeG-banding and the significance of Cytogenetic diagnosis in differentiating acutemyeloid leukemia (AML) with Morphologic, Immunologic, and Molecularbiologic.Method: From2008to2010,202patients newly diagnosed AML form the SecondHospital of Anhui Medical University and the Affiliated Provincial Hospital of AnhuiMedical University were analyzed by Morphologic and Immunologic. Traditional andmodificatory chromosome G-banding analyses were performed on metaphases fromshort-term cultures of bone marrow in the Cytovision Chromosome Working Station.And RT-PCR and FISH were used to confirm the AML fusion transcripts withrecurrent genetic abnormalities.Result:①More cellular fission can be obtained and the band stria could bedemounstrated clearly by modificatory method.②In202AML,6cases of M0,11cases of M1,81cases of M2,58cases of M3,20cases of M4,21cases of M5,3cases of M6, and2illegible AML cases according to the FAB classification.③Cytogenetically,70of202of patients had a normal karyotype,50of202hadt(15;17)(q22;q21),70of202had t(8;21)(q22;q22),12of202had inv16(p13;q22).④Further,50AML with t(15;17)(q22;q21) had PML/RARA fusion transcripts,70with t(8;21)(q22;q22) had AML1/ETO,12with CBF/MYH11, and70with normalkaryotype had not fusion transcript.⑤We detected a case of M4with a new variant oft(8;21) here. G-banding karyotype interpretation of this case was t(8;9)(q22;q34).Further study by Fish a three-way chromosomal translocation t(8;9;21)(q22;q34;q22)and RT-PCR was used to confirm the AML1-ETO fusion transcripts.Confusion:①A lot of factors could influence AML chromosome G-banding, so needto seek continuously for proper method of improving the effect of G-banding.②Overall,50%of AML patients had defined cytogenetic abnormalities. Together,recurrent balanced chromosomal abnormalities that are the cytogenetic hallmarks of genetically defined disease entities in the revised WHO classification were identifiedin28%of patients. Other50%of AML patients need RT-PCR and FISH to recoverAetiology and Molecular mechanisms of AML.