Research On The Academic Thoughts Of Yang Shiying Based On The Renzhai Zhizhi Fanglun

Through the study of the Renzhai Zhizhi Fanglun, which is the typical composition of Yang Shiying, meanwhile, referred to other literatures wrote by Yang and interrelated documents, I researched Yang’s academic thoughts systematically and thoroughly. This thesis through the research of four main areas, which are his biography and works, his academic thoughts, his clinical experiences, and his academic impact, summarized Yang’s medical theories and clinical characteristics.Ⅰ. From the stand point of his biography, this thesis focuses on the birth and death date, historical background, academic background and introducing his literatures.1. Yang Shiying lived in the Southern Song Dynasty. With the development of social economy and culture, medical science was highly valued by the government. In the period, medical exchanges with foreign countries and books printing industry were both prosperity, which made medical in Fujian developed rapidly. All of these were played important roles in Yang’s grown and beneficial to the spread of his compositions.2. Yang Shiying, styled Dengfu and alias of Renzhai, born in Fuzhou city of Fujian Province. He lived in about13century AD, but all the historical books had no records about his exact date. In The Records of Fuzhou City, Yang’s date of birth and death was between1208and1274. Through author’s preface in Tai Chan Jiu Ji Fang, wrote by Li Chengong, and interrelated historical materials, I concluded that he was lived between1225and1318.3. Yang Shiying had written many literatures. After my study of related data, I advocate he had four works, which included Renzhai Zhizhi Fanglun, Renzhai Xiao Er Fanglun, Shang Han Lei Shu Huo Ren Zong Kuo, Yi Xue Zhen Jing. Unfortunately, most of the original books were lost. Nowadays, the popular version is Zhu Chongzheng’s Four Books of Renzhai Zhizhi, published in1550. Among these literatures,Renzhai Zhizhi Fanglun is the typical composition of Yang Shiying. This book is coherent, brief and rich in content, which includes principle, methods, formulae and medicines. So it can reflect Yang’s academics thoughts comprehensively.Ⅱ. Regarding the research on his basic academic thoughts, this thesis focuses on his basic theories regarding TCM.1. Regarding the studies on Qi Blood theories, Yang Shiying believes that the foundation of person is Qi and Blood. So the disharmony of Qi and Blood can cause illness. He also put forward that "Qi is the commander of the Blood and Blood going with Qi"."Regulating Qi at first and then regulating Blood" is been emphasized in clinical practicing. On the other hand, the changeable Blood patterns can not be ignored. This view contributed much to the Qi Blood theory of TCM.2. Yang Shiying divided Phlegm-rheum into phlegm and rheum, which made phlegm get out of rheum and gradually formed a theory system that treated phlegm and rheum respectively. Phlegm belongs to fluids, it can nourish our body. Only when Qi-Blood stagnated, can phlegm get together and cause disease outbreak. Phlegm pattern is changeable; it can also lead to pain disorder. In clinic, rectifying Qi is better than harmonizing the stomach. Water-rheum disease is divided into water aspect and Blood aspect. According to this theory Yang Shiying established an outline in treating water-rheum diseases, which contained exterior, interior, vacuity and repletion.3. Regarding treatment, Yang Shiying placed great emphasis on the theory of Zangfu. He discussed vacuity and repletion syndromes about five viscera, and paid attention to the correlations among Zangfu, especially among five viscera. His explanations were very wonderful, such as theories of spleen-stomach, spleen-kidney,"kidney governs Qi absorption", heart-kidney, heart-spleen, etc. He brought these theories into practical use skillfully and made great contributions to the development of the theories of Zangfu.4. Renzhai Zhizhi Fanglun saved a lot of famous, effective formulas. His characteristics in selecting formulas and medicines can be concluded as follows: (1). Speak highly of literatures from Zhang Zhong Jing, revised classical formulas on a small quantity;(2). Followed the lead of various schools of thinkers especially Jufang;(3). Inherited family learning and created new formulas;(4). Consulted and simplified the prescriptions of Zhouhou.Ⅲ. Yang Shiying was not only an experienced doctor but also expanded on the theories of TCM, especially the treatment of miscellaneous diseases. I’ll discuss some articles to see a segment of a whole.1. Yang called dysentery as Xieli. On etiology and pathogenesis, he insisted that stagnation of pathogen inside the body was the reason for dysentery. By discussing the syndrome differentiation of the dysentery, he took free and disinhibit as the dominant methods of treatment,"dissipating wind evil, moving stagnant Qi, opening stomach duct" at first, while, supplementation and astringency were forbidden. He pointed out that there were many inducements for this disease, such as sexual taxation, and overwork. Both of them can wear essence-Blood, and now warming the kidney is needed. If diarrhea and dysentery last a long time and there is no pain in abdomen, astringing the intestine is suited.2. Yang believed that all heat started from heart and excessive heat could cause Blood trouble. He also expressed his clinical ideas about different heat patterns, which included repletion pattern of vexation and agitation in vigorous heat, low fever linger in late stage of external contraction, fever in cold damage Blood amassment pattern, heat entering the Blood chamber of woman, children’s fever in wind pattern, static Blood fever, internal injury fire heat, etc. In addition, Yang Shiying explains that in abating heat scutellaria is better than bupleurum.3. In his theories, Dispersion-thirst was directly related to emotion, food, and taking stone on the wrong lines. As to disease location, kidney, bladder, and lung were key zangfu. Dispersion-thirst was divided into dispersion-thirst, splenic diabetes and renal diabetes according to triple burner and the seriousness of disease. He also noticed that rigid center, water swelling, welling-abscess, flat-abscess were complications of Dispersion-thirst. On the method of treatment, regulating spleen-kidney combined with dietetic therapy was more acceptable than offensive method. It also contains many famous formulas which is beneficial to current clinical Diabets, such as Poria Elixir, Jade Spring Pill, Qian’s Dvate Atractylodes Power. Eight Ingredient Pill,etc.4. The pain is a common syndrome in various clinical diseases. This book presents many kinds of pain disorders and the treatments have special features, especially heart pain, spleen pain, generalized pain and lumbar pain.5. Yang Shiying explained19surgical diseases, which comprised welling-abscess and flat-abscess, mammary welling-abscess, cancer, clove sore, pile etc. He believed that "outer appearance from the inside", so in clinical we are suggested modifying zangfu, Qi, Blood and treating both part and whole at the same time. Characteristics in this part are as follows:abundant of formulas for treating welling-abscess and flat-abscess were recorded, described cancer for the first time, descanted on pile in etiology, pathogenesis, therapy, prescription, and drug.Ⅳ. Yang Shiying had a superb medical skill and noble mind. His literatures are simple and practical. Therefore, their publications have reached a larger audience, as well as to foreign countries, such as Japan and Korea. After North Song, there were many famous doctors valued Yang’s works, but Zhu Chong Zheng was the key person, a doctor in An Hui province, Ming dynasty, who reprinted Yang’s literatures and made great efforts to the spread of Yang’s academic thoughts.