| ObjectivesEssential elements are necessary for those element which has trophic action and physiological function to maintain organism’s growth, development, vital movement and multiply. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a symptom complex which showed a metabolic disturbance of carbohydrate, fat, protein etc., caused by defection of insulin’s secretory action and physiological function, its main marker is high blood glucose for a long-trem. Beause of the dysmetabolism, there always be a element metabolic abnormality in DM patients; on the other hand, some disorders of element has an important relationship to the occurrence and development of DM. This study combined epidemiological investigation with laboratory detection, investigated the distribution characteristics of Fe, Cu, Zn, K, Na, Ca and Mg contents in serum of Liangshan country crowd, the relationship between seven elements in serum and diabetes mellitus and influencing factors of DM in this area, and provide new ideas and scientific basis to the prevention and therapy against diabetes mellitus.Methods1Sampling surveyA individual questionnaire investigation was made to3768cases which sampling randomly and physical examination and lab examination were given to make a census for target crowd. Baseline survey data collection includes questionnaires and blood samples, etc.. All the questionnaire filled accordance with the requirements of the scheme, and completed the investigation clearly after survey; take the right operation method and appropriate protective measures to sample collection, transportation and treatment; at last, used a database for questionnaire data and laboratory testing data entry, for further analysis and save.2Laboratory detectionBlood sample was used in laboratory after a standardized collection. The element content in serum was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Prepared different standard series of various elements respectively, the serum sample was analysis by atomic absorption after attenuated ten times, twenty times, thirty times and three hundred times respectively. The contents of blood glucose in serum was detected by glucose oxidase method; the contents of total cholesterol in serum was detected with CHOD-PA method; the contents of triglyceride in serum was detected by enzyme colorimetric method; the contents of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum was detected with direct colorimetric determination method; the contents of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum was detected using indirect measure method.Results1Distribution of elements contents in serum of crowd1.1Elements contents and reference ranges in serum of crowd Fe, Cu, Zn, K, Na, Ca and Mg contents in serum of Liangshan country crowd were2.38±1.51,1.22±0.25,1.69±1.08,2.09×102±40.4,3.67×103±4.11×1021.21×102±35.3,27.8±6.89(mg/L) respectively and reference ranges were0.62～6.12,0.59～1.83,0.78～3.04,1.55×102～2.77×102,2.63×103～4.02×103,61.6～1.74×1O2,16.9～38.7(mg/L) respectively. The research proved scientific basis to the crowd study in this area.1.2Elements contents in serum between male and female Divided the crowd by different gender, compared to male group (Fe2.63±1.74, Cu1.16±0.33mg/L), the content of Fe in female group (2.26±2.16mg/L) was statistically decreased, and the contents of Cu (1.28±0.58mg/L) was significantly increased (P<0.05); at the same time, the contents of other elements have no statistical significance between male group and female group (P>0.05).1.3Elements contents in serum among different ages Divided the crowd by different ages, the content of Cu has statistical significance between15～64ages group (1.21±0.53mg/L) and≥65ages group (1.28±0.33mg/L)(P<0.05); the content of K has statistical significance between≤14ages group (2.04×102±32.8mg/L) and≥65ages group (2.16×102±49.8mg/L), and between15～64ages group (2.09×102±56.5mg/L) and≥65ages group (2.16×102±49.8mg/L)(P<0.05); the content of Mg has statistical significance between≤14ages group (27.0±7.37mg/L) and15～64ages group (28.5±14.2mg/L), and between≤14ages group (27.0±7.37mg/L) and≥65ages group (29.0±13.6mg/L)(P<0.05); the contents of other elements have no statistical significance among different ages group (P>0.05).1.4Methodology investigation Made a methodology evaluation to each element detection method, separately obtain their’s calibration curve, linear range, correlation coefficient, recoveries, relative standard deviation for each element.2Studies on the relationship between elements contents in serum and diabetes mellitus and correlation factors2.1The relationship between elements contents in serum and diabetes mellitus Compared between DM group and normal control group, the serum Zn, Ca, Mg levels in DM group were obviouslye dereased (P<0.05) as normal control group; the serum Cu levels in DM group were obviouslye inreased (P<0.05) as normal control group; and there were no significant differences between groups in other elements (P>0.05).2.2The correlation between elements contents in serum and blood glucose There was positively correlation between BG of DM patients and Fe in serum (P<0.05), and negatively correlation between BG of DM patients and Zn, Ca in serum (P all <0.05). 2.3The correlation between elements contents in serum and blood fat There was positively correlation between Fe and TC, LDL-C in serum of DM (P<0.05); positively correlation between K and LDL-C in serum of DM (P<0.05); positively correlation between Na and TG, TC in serum of DM{P<0.05); positively correlation between Mg and TG in serum of DM (P<0.05).2.4The correlation between elements contents in serum and obesity There was no correlation between elements in serum of DM and BMI, waistline (P>0.05).2.5The correlation between elements contents in serum and dietary structure There was positively correlation between Zn in serum of DM and fat, vitamin E intake of dietary structure (P<0.05); positively correlation between Cu in serum of DM and vitamin B2intake of dietary structure (P<0.05); negatively correlation between K in serum of DM and vitamin B2intake of dietary structure (P <0.05).ConclusionsThis study aimed directly at target population which sampled from Liangshan country, to discuss the distribution characteristics of the contents of seven elements and proved reference ranges of the levels of elements in serum of this area. The research discussed the relationship between elements in the serum of this region, analysed the correlation between the contents of elements in serum of DM patients and influencing factors of DM, illuminated the relationship between elements in the serum and DM. These studies provide reference to the prevention and therapy against diabetes mellitus. |
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