A Study On Infection Characteristics And Risk Factors Of Nosocomial Infection In The Neonatal Intensie Care Unit

Objective Investigate the current situation of three level teaching hospital neonatal intensive care unit (Neonatal Intensive Care Unite, NICU) nosocomial infection and analyse the features and risk factors of NICU nosocomial infection. Provide the scientific basis to take measures to control NICU nosocomial infection and lower the incidence of nosocomial infection.Method Take the method of combining prospective and retrospective to collect children clinical data of a three level of first-class teaching hospital NICU in4years. Take the retrospective method for the data of2007January to2008December and the prospective method for2009January to2010December. Then classified and compared the data and analysed using a chi-square test or Z test.Results There were4811NICU cases that leaved hospital and101cases nosocomial infection occurred in the4years. Infection rate was2.10%and infection cases times rate was2.20%. The part infection rates of NICU nosocomial infection were different in different years.The highest incidence was respiratory system in average nosocomial infection of4years, in which lower respiratory accounted for25.47%, upper respiratory tract accounted for17.92%. Then it was oral infection (20.75%). The infection rates were also different in different quarters of these years. Among the average of4years of hospital infection, the fourth quarter proportion was the highest infection rate (3.07%), the second quarter was the lowest infection rate(0.95%).It had the very big relations with NICU about gestational age of children’s、birth weigh、the length of time、the degree of disease、different diseases、number of basic diseases、invasive operation、total parenteral nutrition(TPN) and the use of antibiotics. The younger gestational age、the lighter birth weight, the higher infection rate.Infection rate was16.67%when birth weight was less than1000g、 1.56%when birth weight was more than2500g and20.00%when gestational age was less than28weeks、1.49%when more than37weeks. The lighter birth weight、the more average hospitalization time, the higher incidence of a disease a day. Day infection rate was5.43‰when birth weight was less than1000g、average hospital stayed30.67days and1.65‰when birth weight was more than2500g、average hospital stayed9.78days. The lighter birth weight、the higher total equipment utilization rate、the longer devices, the higher incidence of infections associated with instruments (P<0.01). The heavier the degree of disease, the higher infection (P<0.01). The nosocomial infection incidence was higher when neonate with NRDS、asphyxia neonatorum、premature or HIE. While no statistically significant about gender (P>0.05).The nosocomial infection led to the deterioration of the illness and the longer of hospital stay (P<0.01).Conclusion NICU nosocomial infection related with many factors, as gestational age and birth weight have obvious correlation with nosocomial infection; The nosocomial infections was higher when the heavier disease degree of children the greater basic diseases、the longer hospital stays and the more invasive operation;Season related with nosocomial infections, winter is relatively high infection rates;The nosocomial infections produced negative consequencesIn Consequence to the children.Consequently, it should strengthen the treatment of primary disease, regulate the management of nosocomial infections, and preventive measures to lower the incidence of nosocomial infections in NICU aiming at risk factors and features of nosocomial infection.