| Rumen Acidosis is a common disease of ruminant cultivation industry. To pursuit high performance, dairy producers increase the proportion of concentration of dairy cows diet in modern dairy industry, but this method increases the incidence of rumen acidosis, and then it will cause a series of interrelated reactions such as increased immune response and some certain diseases, which accordingly affects the performance of the animal. The experiment was conducted to study the effects of the situation that lack roughage of high quality and the ratio of concentrate to roughage is generally higher in the internal ruminants cultivation industry at the present stage. Six diets of dairy cow according to internal common diets were used to study effects of different types of diets on plasma endotoxin (LPS), metabolites and hormones in dairy cows.Experiment1:The experiment was conducted to study effects of different feed ingredient diets on plasma LPS, metabolites and hormones in dairy cows. Nine mid-lactation (193±21days postpartum) dairy cows with similar milk yield (20.86±3.00Kg/d) and at secundi-birth’s were randomly assigned in a3×3Latin square design (9dairy cows per treatment).The CS1(Corn Strawl) group’s roughage was only corn straw, and the concentrate was principal composed by corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, and the ratio of concentrate to roughage was63:37. The CS2(Corn Straw2) group’s roughage was also only corn straw, and the concentrate was principal composed by corn, wheat bran, Soybean meal, cottonseed cake, maize gluten feed, corn gluten meal, distillers dried grains with soluble, and the ratio of concentrate to roughage was63:37. The MF (Mixed Forage) group’s roughage was mixed roughage, principal composed by wildry, corn silage, alfalfa hay, and its concentrate was principal composed by corn, soybean meal, cottonseed, and the ratio of concentrate to roughage was41:59. The results showed as follows,(1) Both CS1group and CS2group’s plasma LPS were higher than MF group (P>0.05).(2) Both CS1group and CS2group’s plasma LPS binding protein were significantly higher than MF group (P<0.05). Plasma LPS and LPS binding protein content showed significant positive correlation (R2=0.1957, r=0.441, n=23, SE=65.74, P<0.05).(3) CS2group’s plasma non-esterified fatty acid was significantly higher than MF group (P<0.05) and CS1group’s plasma non-esterified fatty acid was slightly higher than MF group (P>0.05). Plasma LPS and non-esterified fatty acid content showed significant positive correlation (R2=0.1965, r=0.443, n=23, SE=12.47, P<0.05). MF group’s cholesterol was very significantly higher CS1group (P<0.01) and was slightly higher than MF group (P>0.05). Plasma LPS and cholesterol content showed significant negative correlation (R2=0.2946, r=-0.542, n=24, SE=0.7064, P<0.05). MF group’s calcium was significantly higher CS1group (P<0.05). Plasma LPS and calcium content showed negative correlation trend (R2=0.1654,r=-0.407, n=23,SE=0.0753,P<0.10).CS1group and CS2group’s plasma tyrosine,serine and glycine were significant difference with MF group (P<0.05).(4) CS2group’s plasma cortisol was significantly higher MF group (P<0.05). In conclusion, high concentrate CSland CS2group have higher plasma LPS than low concentrate MF group. High concentrate group can greatly affect some metabolites and hormones in the blood. These changes in metabolites closely relate to the body’s immune and production performance changes and remain to be further research.Experiment2:The experiment was conducted to study effects of different feed ingredient and nutritional level diets on plasma LPS, metabolites and hormones in dairy cows.30lactating Holstein cows (193±21days postpartum) with similar milk yield and at secundi-birth’s were randomly assigned in3treatments (10dairy cows per treatment). Concentrate of three groups of the diet was the same.The HCS (High concentrate Corn Straw) group’s roughage was only corn straw,and the ratio of concentrate to roughage was65:35.The LCS (Low concentrate Corn Straw) group’s roughage was only corn straw,and the ratio of concentrate to roughage was46:54. The LMF (Low concentrate Mixed Forage) group’s roughage was principally composed by wildry, corn silage, alfalfa hay,and the ratio of concentrate to roughage was46:54. The results showed as follows,(1) HCS group’s plasma LPS was significantly higher than LCS group (P<0.05) and was slightly higher than LMF (P>0.05).(2) HCS group’s plasma non-esterified fatty acid was very significantly higher than LCS group and LMF group (P<0.01). Plasma LPS and non-esterified fatty acid content showed very significant positive correlation (R2=0.3128, r=0.5593, n=24, SE=9.114, P<0.01).HCS group’s plasma β-hydroxybutyrate was very significantly lower than LCS group and LMF group (P<0.01). Plasma LPS and (3-hydroxybutyrate content showed negative correlation trend (R2=0.121,r=-0.3478, n=24, SE=0.05985, P<0.10). HCS group’s plasma copper was significantly higher than LCS group and LMF group (P<0.05). Plasma LPS and copper content showed significant positive correlation (R2=0.2279, r=0.4774, n=24, SE=0.5202, P<0.05). HCS group’s plasma manganese was very significantly lower than LCS group and LMF group (P<0.01). Plasma LPS and manganese content showed very significant negative correlation (R2=0.3359, r=-0.5796, n=23, SE=0.01989, P<0.01). HCS group’s plasma calcium was significantly higher than LCS group and LMF group (P<0.05), but LCS group and LMF group’s plasma calcium were no significant difference. HCS group’s plasma phosphorus was significantly higher than LCS group and LMF group (P<0.05), but LCS group and LMF group’s plasma phosphorus were no significant difference. LCS group’s plasma overall amino acids level was lower than the HCS and LMF group (P<0.05).(3) HCS group’s plasma cortisol was significantly higher than LCS group and LMF group (P<0.05). In conclusion, Plasma LPS concentration is mainly affected by the ratio of concentrate to roughage of diets and has little to do with roughage. Plasma free amino acid is affected by the diet nutrition level. High concentrate can greatly affect some metabolites and hormones in the blood. These changes in metabolites closely relate to the body’s immune and production performance changes and remain to be further researched. |
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