| Three different genotypes of indica hybrid rice were used as test material in this experiment under the design of split-plot with three factors. The soil physical-chemical characters, micro community, seedling quality, transplanting quality, population quality and yield characters were studied in this experiment. The main conclusions were as follows:1. No-tillage treatment and conventional tillage had different effects on soil physical characters, mainly presented as no-tillage improved soil structur. In different growth stage of rice, soil bulk density and content of water in1-5cm were decreased, pH value of soil were reduced, soil previousness and porosity were increased, organic matter content in surface layer and oganic carbon reserve volume were increased in early growth stages and (?) decreased in mature stage by no-tillage. The soil physical characters in the layer of5-10cm were presented different as the growth stage progressed but the entirely variation trendancy were consistent as that in0-5cm. The basal layer of soil had big difference under the two treatments, the water content and pH of soil under no-tillage were both extremely significant lower than that of ploughing.2. Soil micro-environment were affected by the methods of tillage. The number of bacterium, fungus and actinomycetes in no-tillage treatment were extremely significant higher than that of conventional tillage, and bacterium was most in both of the two tillage methods, followed by actinomycetes, the number of fugus was smallest. By comparing the number of microorganism, it showed that the number of microorganism in0-10cm soil layer was almost twice as that of conventioal tillage, which reveals that no-tillage not only increased the activity of microorganism, but also helpful for improving the diversity of microorganismcommunity in soil.3. By analysing the seedling quality of different genotypes of rice, it showed that seedling quality was not only affected by its own characters, but also affected by different seedling raising. Seedling raised by soft plate had higher adult seedling rate and root intertwining force, but the differences of other indexes were not obvious. Fyou498had highest adult seedling rate and root interwining force. 4. The transplanting quality had different results. The difference of leakage ratewere not obvious under different tillage methods. Drift seedling rate, tip over rate and injury rate of seedlings were obviously higher than that of conventional tillage. Fyou498had lowest drift seedling rate, tip over rate and injury rate of seedlings. The difference of transplanting in different seedling raising methods were not obvious, but seedling raised in soft plate had lower leakage rate, drift seedling rate and turn over of seedlings than that of vasculiform seedling plate, but vasuliform seedling plate had lower injury rate of seedlings.5. LAI in no-tillage were significantly higher than that of conventional tillage. The difference of organ dry matter distribution rate were extremely significant in different genotypes of rice in mature stage. Fyou498had lowest stem dry matter but highest dry matter distribution in spike. The rate of seed number/leaf area, grains per ear/leaf area had significant difference, which were lower under no-tillage. Tiller development and bearing tiller shower better quaility in no-tillage, its yield were significant higher than that on conventional tillage, but its effective spike were higher than that of no-tillage. The method of seedling raising had big effects on output and transport rate of stem, which vasculiform had higher output and transport rate than that of soft plate seedling raise. But the other indexes were not obvious.6. No-tillage had less yield than that of conventional tillage, higher ear length and effective spike number than that of conventional tillage, and lower setting percentage, grain number per ear,1000-grain weight. The yield difference were extremely significant in different genotype of rice. Fyou498had highest yield, yield components were extremely significant different to each other, Fyou498had longer ear length and heavier1000-grain weight.7. The change of micro-enviroment structure in soil had different effects on the growth of mechine-planted rice after transplanting. The number of bacterium were significant related with stem output, transport rate, stem and spike dry matter distribution in heading stage, leaf and spike dry matter distribution in mature stage, and yield. And it extremely significant related with yield, r=-0.47**. The number of actinomycetes was extremely significant with the distribution of all organ, and significant positive correlated with stem dry matter. Injury rate was extremely significant positive correlated with the width of base stem, root intertwining, but negative correlated with the number of yellow leaf. Root intertwining had significant effects on seedling establishment percentage, drift seedling rate and injury seedlings. The indexes of population character had significant or extrememly significant correlation with yield.8. From the intuitive analysis in ecnomic benifit, seedling raised in vasculiform plate under different seedling raising methods cost less labor than that of soft plat seedling raising. By analysing in mechine-transplanting from the whole ecnomic benifit, no-tillage had higher net production rate, net income, materialized laber net production rate, live labor net production rate, and output/input ratio than that of turn over tillage, but turn over tillage had higher total value of out-put. Fyou498had higher total value of output, net income and ourput/input ratio compared with other genotypes of rice. From the comprehensive evaluation, no-tillage transplanted by machine had the advantage in reducing cost, save labor costs, improve work efficiency and output/input ratio. |
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