Study On Population Quality And Quantitative Cultivation Of Mechanical Transplanting Rice

This study has focused on the major technical problems existing in the development of machine-transplanted. Different cultivation methods, key technology in cultivation strong seedling, the quantification of basic seeding, the ratio of panicle nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen ratio of base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer were carried out. According to the results of the investigation in a large area and high-yield mechanical transplanting rice demonstration, we analysis the population characteristics and yield limiting factor of mechanical transplanting rice at the same time, cultivation technology was studied carefully. The main results are showed as follows:One japonica variety,5356. was used as experimental materials. The effects of different cultivation methods (direct seedling, broadcasting rice seedlings, mechanical transplanting with plug seedlings, manual transplanting) on grain yield, growth characteristics and nutrient uptake of rice were investigated. Meanwhile, we research the production costs to compare the economic benefits between the four methods. The results show that the yields of machine-transplanted method was significantly higher than several other cultivation methods, with more effective spikes, higher population transmittance, a reasonable population structure, and higher nitrogen absorption ability. Moreover, compared with manual transplanting mechanical transplanting reduced the cost of production. In a word, the mechanical transplanting has a significant labor saving, more advantages to obtained high and stable yield and wide adaptability features.The factor which limit the rice yield of mechanical transplanting in Jiangsu province were investigation and analysis on 6.7ha demonstration fields at Zhouqu, Caoqiao, and Qianhuang. Wujin County, Jiangsu province in 2008, use Wuxiangjing 9 and Wuyunjing 7 as varieties, a 6.7ha demonstration fields at Rudong county, Jiangsu province in 2009, with Ningjing 3. Field survey was done at Gaoyou (along the transport area), Baoying hu Farm at Huai’an (along the Huai River region). Xinghua City (Lixiahe area). Dafeng City Farm (coastal areas).The rice varieties were Huaidao 7, Wuyujing 3, Zhendao 9424 and Yangjing 9538. The results showed that:the number of spikelet are the main factor to affect yield, panicle number is the main limiting factor during yield increasing of machine transplanting rice, the main goal of machine transplanting rice cultivation is make sure there are sufficient panicles. Cultivating proportionality population, promoting large panicle and ensure sufficient panicles is the main direction of further tapping the potential yield.In order to clarify the effects of mechanical transplanting on seedling quality of rice, Zhendao 6217 was used to study the effects of different sowing density, water administrate and HanYangZhuangYangJi on seedling quality. The results showed that as the sowing density was lower, seedling quality was superior, but the circuvoluting roots was too worse to curl up for mechanical transplanting. When the sowing density was higher, seedling quality got weak that made it difficult for seedling green recovery and revival. The suitable sowing density was around 739-924g/m2. Dryland-raised seedling was more benefit to grow vigorous seedling, and had more advantages to prolong the seedling age. The application of moderate amount that less than 1% of HanYangZhuangYangJi could take effect as same as fertilizing.On the basis of previous research, Ningjing 3(conventional japonica rice)and Changyou 1(hybrid japonica rice)were used to studied the quantitative parameters for calculate the number of basic seedling. Test the design parameters of the input mechanical transplanting rice cultivation system.The results showed that for mechanical transplanted conventional japonica rice, bn=1.5, for the hybrid japonica rice, bn=0.5, the number of transplanted seedlings per point significantly affect factor (a), of which 3 rice seedlings of conventional japonica performed better yield than 2 seedlings of hybrid japonica.The adjusting factor (a) for high-yield conventional japonica rice population should be taken as 1.5 for conventional japonica.while 1.0 for hybrid japonica. From seedling regreening to equal panicle to tiller stage, r was 80% or so.Insert the input parameter value will drive the design system is relatively high-yielding rice cultivation yield component parties and groups to validate the quality indicators, the deviation between average and design values were less than 5%. verified the mechanical transplanted rice planting density reliability of calculated parameters.From 2008 to 2009, a 6.7ha demonstration fields at Caoqiao(Wuxiangjing 9) and Qianhuang (Wuyunjing 7),Wujin County. Jiangsu province, were used to investigate the N uptake and utilization characteristics of mechanical transplanting rice, and determined high yield precise quantitative parameters. The results showed that approximately 80% of the high proportion of matter in grain yield was come from the photosynthesis after heading. Under high yield, leaves transfer rates increase, while the stem and sheath was apparent input after heading. Uptake of nitrogen of mechanical transplanting rice increased with the yield, mainly from the significantly increased uptake in the amount of nitrogen after heading. As production increased, from heading to maturity and the accumulation of N accumulation ratio were increased, P and K uptake increased, but there is a downward trend of P/K ratio. Mechanical transplanting rice leaves inserted higher rate of nitrogen translocation, while the stem and sheath was apparent input after heading, the main contribution of nitrogen transfer from the blade; mature nitrogen harvest index between 0.510 and 0.610, P harvest index was about 0.75, K harvest index was closed to 0.20; The nitrogen-requirement for 100 kg grain of mechanical transplanting rice was 2.0～2.1 kg/100kg, NPK ratio of 2:0.9:1.4.Two experiments at Danyang, Jiangsu province, in 2008, for a given amount of fertilizer, the proportion of base-tillering fertilizer to panicle fertilizer and the proportion of base fertilizer to tillering fertilizer were done to investigate effect of N fertilizer management on N element absorption and utilization. The results showed that for a given amount of fertilizer, appropriate improve the ratio of panicle fertilization could get the optimum spikelets and the number of grains per panicle, and it could improve the yield of rice. Increasing N rate at panicle differentiation could increase the nitrogen accumulation at late stage and improve nitrogen utilization all the growth stage; For a given amount and ratio of fertilizer, reduce the ratio of basal and tillering can increase the effective panicles and the number of grains per panicle, and it could improve the yield of rice.