| In base of Liangshan tobacco-growing areas, difference onsubmicroscopic structure of Hongda was observed. Relations between elevations andHongda quality indexes were studied by comparing the apparent quality, physicalproperty, chemical composition, aromatic matter and sensory quality, which has madea compare between Hongda and other kinds of flue-cured tobacco. Main researchresults were concluded as follows.1. Climatic conditions between Liangshan tobacco-growing areas and differentelevations were studied on the basis of main climatic indexes from growth in the fieldfrom nine tobacco-growing areas in Liangshan area. The results showed that thesunshine duration of flue-cured growth stage was550.80~813.10h with the averagetemperature of19.17~24.38℃and rainfall of616.60~900.90mm. The advantage ofLiangshan tobacco-growing areas is characterized by abundant illumination,temperature and rainfall and big temperature difference between day and night fromtobacco-growing intermediate to final growth phase. The disadvantage is thatinsufficient rainfall in tobacco transplanting and early stages and too much rainfalland large temperature fluctuations in tobacco-growing intermediate to final growthphase and low temperature in mature period.Based on the climate vertical distribution discipline, climate condition ofLiangshan tobacco-growing areas could be classified into three groups at differentaltitudes areas, including lower altitude(＜1600m), medium altitude(1600~2000m),high altitude(＞1200m). Annual accumulated temperature of≥10℃in lower altitudeturned to be5476.50℃with higher average daily temperature, little rainfall duringroot elongation stage and drought occurring more frequently; Annual accumulated temperature of≥10℃in medium altitude turned to be5389.00℃with suitabletemperature during each growth period, abundant rainfall and enough sunlight fortobacco growing properly; Annual accumulated temperature of≥10℃in high altitudeturned to be4130.00℃with insufficient heat conditions and lower growthtemperature.2. Observing submicroscopic structure of tobacco-growing stages amongdifferent elevations, including chloroplast, cell wall structure, starch grain andquantity distribution of osmiophilic droplets. Main difference of chloroplast intobacco leaves cell with different altitudes lie in the amount of accumulated starchgrain and osmiophilic droplets, resulting in medium altitude＞lower altitude＞highaltitude. The content of starch grain is least but the osmiophilic droplets strongest intobacco leaves of high altitude. With the elevation rising, amount of osmiophilicdroplets and thickness of cell wall is increasing, leading a certain relation betweenthem. At the leaf age of60days middle leaves were in immature and proper maturestages, leaf ultrastucture showed that enhancing the growth altitude properly in thesame tobacco-growing areas was in favour of synthesis of tobacco aromatic materials.3. Based on36parts of Hongda C3F with different altitudes in Liangshantobacco-growing areas, the apparent quality, physical property, chemical composition,aromatic matter as well as sensory quality were studied.(1) The results showed thatthere was no significant difference in Hongda apparent quality among loweraltitude(﹤1600m), medium altitude(1600—2000m), high altitude(﹥2000m). Thetotal points of apparent quality was lower altitude＞high altitude＞medium altitude.(2) There existed significant difference among physical properties including leafweight, leaf length, leaf width, leaf density as well as equilibrium moisture contentamong different altitudes. The difference between the rate of stalk and filling valueamong different altitudes was not significant. The pattern of leaf weight and widthwas medium altitude>lower altitude>high altitude. The pattern of leaf length andequilibrium moisture content was lower altitude>medium altitude>high altitude.(3)The index nitrogen/nicotine of chemical compositions has a significant difference indifferent altitudes, others not significant. The regulation of nitrogen/nicotine was high altitude＞medium altitude＞lower altitude.(4) The content of browning reactionwas lower altitude>high altitude>medium altitude. The content of solanone was highaltitude>lower altitude>medium altitude. The content of neophytadiene was loweraltitude>medium altitude>high altitude. The content of neutral aromacomponents(other than neophytadiene) was lower altitude（210.10μg/g）>mediumaltitude（180.64μg/g）>high altitude（160.22μg/g）.(5) There was a significantcorrelation in the scores of aroma quality, aroma quantity and aftertaste with totalsmoking scores, altitude regulation of which turned to be power altitude>mediumaltitude>high altitude. The correlation between lower altitude and high altitude wassignificant. There was no significant difference in miscellaneous gases and irritancyand sweetness as well as smoking characters of different altitudes, the highest averagescore of lower altitude(﹤1600m) was75.72, the highest average score of mediumaltitude was72.53, the highest average score of high altitude was70.244. Hongda apparent quality, physical properties, chemical compositions, neutralaromatic matter and sensory indexes with altitude were studied through correlationand regression analysis.(1) The results revealed there was an extremely negativecorrelation between leaf structures of apparent quality with altitude, there was anegative correlation between identity and oil content with altitude, the optimalregression equation of leaf structure and status and oil content with altitude was linearfunction.(2) Leaf width and equilibrium moisture content had a significant negativecorrelation with altitudes. Quadratic function can describe the relations the altitudeswith the leaf weight, leaf length, leaf width and equilibrium moisture content. Linearfunction was analyzed the regression relation between the altitude and leaf density.(3)The correlation of altitudes with total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, totalnicotine, potassium, chlorine and reducing sugar/nicotine was not significant. Therewas an extreme negative correlation between the ratio of potassium to chlorine.Linear function described the relation between altitudes and the ratio of potassium tochlorine.(4) Altitudes had a positive correlation with the total content of flavor matter,the content of cembratriendiol group of neutral flavor matters, while had a negative correlation with Phenobarbital Sodium, carotiniod, neophytadiene and total neutralflavor matters content. There was no significant correlation between total neutralflavor matters indexes and altitudes.(5) Score of sensory quality including thrill,aftertaste, sweetness and thickness had an extreme negative correlation with altitudes.Score of strength, aromatic quality, aromatic quantity had a negative correlation withaltitudes. Linear function described the relations between altitudes and thrill, aftertaste,sweetness as well as thickness.5. Quality characters between Hongda and other varieties (CF209, Yunyan85,Yunyan87, Yunyan97and Yunyan203) were compared which revealed that score ofHongda in different variety apparent quality was higher than other varieties. Thecontent of total sugar and reducing sugar of Hongda was highest and the potassiumwas least. The browning products, aromatic amino acid metabolites andneophytadiene of Hongda were highest. The content of products degraded bymembrane was Yunyan87﹥Yunyan85﹥Hongda﹥Yunyan97. The content ofcaroteniod was Yunyan87﹥Yunyan97﹥Yunyan85﹥Hongda. In view of totalneutral flavor matter Hongda content（1306.90μg/g）was highest and Yunyan85（1029.67μg/g）was lowest. Score of aromatic quality, aromatic quantity, thrill,aftertaste and sweetness in Hongda was higher than other varieties. Score of aromaticquality and sweetness was higher than other varieties and smoking score was highest. |
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