Histopathological Study Of Toxicosis In Trachemys Scripta And Hepatopathy In Malaclemys Terrapin

In this study，two cases of toxicosis are reviewed and important differentialdiagnoses discussed. The methods including necropsy，blood smear andhistopathological section. Based on these features appeared in the two cases，analyzingthe cause of death and etiology. The results maybe have some reference values toguide the husbandry, management, clinical diagnosis and treatment.1. Based on the hematological study about the acute poisoning case, and find thedifferences of between health red-eared sliders and cases, results showed the count oftotal leukocytes of health turtles and sick cases have significant differences,（P=0.036<0.05）, and the concentration of sick turtles are more than the health’s. Thecount of thrombocyte of sick turtles is less than the health’s, but the count of monocyteis contrary. In the study on morphology of blood cells, the diameter of eosinophilic inhealthy turtles and cases have significant differences(P=0.018<0.05), the diameter ofmonocyte have significant differences too,(P=0.012<0.05), and the cell of cases arebigger than the healthy turtles’. A number of dark granular and cytoplasmic vacuolesappeared in some monocytes, while the cell membrane and the nucleus of somemonocyte were dissociated, appeared abnormal granular in eosinophils and sometoxic heterophils. Some red blood cells and thrombocytes have strange change incytoplasm and nuclei.2. By study of the histopathological features of an acute poisoned case, foundthat the pathological changes of liver and spleen are most serious. Congestion，hemosiderin deposition，vacuolar degeneration occurs in the liver. The vessel wall ofspleen red-stained, the area of white pulp reduced and the boundaries between red pulpand white pulp became unclear. There are some fiber thrombosis in the vein, and theinflammatory cells invasion both happened in liver and spleen. There are some strangeblood cells appeared in the hepatic sinus and the splenic veins. At the same time, somerenal tubular epithelial cells split from the basement membranes, the lungs are severe bleeded, and the intestinal villi fall off partly. Based on the study in hematology，histopathological features and the information from the culturist，the turtles weresuffered poisoning of Toad Venom, resulting in the spleen, liver, and other majororgans dysfunction, lack of oxygen and die.3. To find whether the site of collect blood sample and gender effect on theresult of hemogram, collected blood samples from commonly used sites--subcarapacial sinus, jugular vein, dorsal coccygeal vein and toe-end respectively,manual counting, analysis with SPSS17.0. The count of total leucocyte andthrombocyte of subcarapacial sinus have very significantly differences with other sites,P<0.01. The count of lymphocyte in jugular vein and dorsal coccygeal vein hassignificantly differences with subcarapacial sinus and toe-end respectively, P<0.05.The data of jugular vein and dorsal coccygeal vein are most consistently. So you canbased on the turtles’ condition and the requirement of analysis, choose the mostappropriate site. The gender has not obvious effect on the results, P>0.05.4. Four diagnostically challenging cases of unknown hepatopathy in four femalediamondback terrapins（Malaclemys terrapin） are reviewed and important differentialdiagnoses discussed.The methods are necropsy，blood smear and histopathologicalsection. At necropsy, the livers were dark，atrophied, and the capsule fibrotic.Abnormalities noted in the hemogram is eosinophilia. The pathological changes oflivers are the most seriously and have consistency. Granular degeneration and vacuolardegeneration happened in most hepatic parenchyma cells, the seriously even necrosis.The Hepatic veins lined by inflammatory cells and hepatic congestion. At the end, themost hepatic parenchyma cells were necrosis except the portal area. The lesions ineyelids, lung and kidney are mild and not happened in every case. The lesion in thefour terrapins was diagnosed on these results as a hepatopathy, and the terrapins aredied of liver failure. There is no evidence to prove that is a parasite and virus infection,and the etiology and clinical control need further study.