Preliminary Research On Macrofungi Resource In Hubei Province

Species diversity, flora diversity and the economic fungi resources were studied in this paper which based on the investigation of macro fungi in Hubei ProvinceFrom2010to2011, the author collected1,287specimens which were located in Shennongjia, Dahong mountain of Suizhou, Yuanan of Yichang, Jiugong mountain of Xianning, Dabie mountain of Luotian, Xianfeng of Enshi, Wudang mountain of Shiyan and Shizi mountain of Wuchang. With the traditional taxonomic methods and the modern molecular biology technique,247species in109genera,53families,20orders,5classes were identified, The most species are Basidiomycota that Ascomycota species were only accounted for9.72%in total. There is a new species:Marasmius umbo-albus Chun Y. Deng&T.H.Li sp. nov, and five new records to China:Marasmius albogrises (Peck) Singer, Marasmius nivicola Har. Takah., Marasmius confertus var. parvisporus Antonin, Marasmius pellucidus Berk.&Broome, Entoloma strictium (Peck) Sacc, and117new records to Hubei Province, and there were73specimens just identified to genus level.The flora diversity was also analyzed for the first time in this paper, the matrials were collected and identified by author. And the analysis shows:The component of fungus in Hubei province were diversity, there are14dominant families (≥5species) which the proportion in identification of this research is26.42%included162species with a ratio of65.59%(only including the species identified to the species level).182species in27dominant genera (≥3species) is taking up56.88%of all the recognized species (including the species identified to the genus level and these under genus level), the proportion of the genera were identified is23.89%. According to the flora distribution characteristics, the genus distribution of Hubei Province macrofungi were classified into4kinds in this study:World distribution type (D1) have66genera (58.41%), Tropical and Subtropical distribution type (D2) have12genera (10.62%), North-temperate distribution type (D3) have15genera (15.93%), Tropical Asia-Tropical Africa (D4) have1genus (0.88%). The above analysis shows that the geographical distribution of macrofungi in Hubei Province give priority to world distribution type, with the character of Subtropical zone transition to North temperate zone.The macro-fungi was identified including103species are edible, account for41.70%of the total identification number, only Russulaceae and Agaricaceae have30species occupied29.13%of the total edible number, and quality of these edible have18species (17.94%), Edible and medicinal have42species (40.78%); And72species are medicinal, account for27.94%of the total identification number, the Polyporaceae, Agericaceae and Russulaceae have28species (38.89%). And which have anti-tumor effect more than54(75%), and have the effect of eliminate of inflammation or hemostatic etc. are17species (23.61%); Poisonous mushrooms have33species, account for13.36%, main of Amanitaceae and Russulaceae have14species (42.42%). These species can lead to destruction of cells and the liver and gastrointestinal and other organ poisoning, respiratory and circulatory failure and neuropsychiatric disorders. And the toxic type Amanita fuliginea, A. oberwinklerana, A. pantherina and Inocybe rimosa are deadly. The result shows that the resource of the economy macro fungi in Hubei province have a better exploitation and application prospects.