Earthworms Composted Cattle Dung And Effects Of Vermicompost On The Growth And Quality Of Soybean And Maize

Plentiful livestock manure accumulated in large livestock field causes seriousenvironmental pollutions. Reasonable utilization of such waste has important ecological andeconomics significance. The fertilization of cattle dung included simple composting,fermented with microbe fungus and composted by earthworms. Simple composting neededless investment and easily operated, was accepted and used by farmers easily; the research ofearthworms composted livestock began in the1980s, then developed in Britain, France,Germany, Italy, Spain et al.The technologies of rotten dung composted by earthworms had been researched bypredecessors. In this paper, the raw cattle was composted directly by earthworm and studyingthe best inoculated density, the effects of vermicompost on the growth and quality of soybeanand maize, the physical and chemical properties of soil in the research station of agriculturalsystem of Shandong Agricultural University. Last in this paper compared the input and outputof “decomposed cattle dung-maize” pattern and “earthworm-cattle dung-maize” pattern. Theresults as follows:1Effects of different earthworm inoculated density on the physical and chemicalproperties of fresh cattle dungAfter two months treatment, the dry weight, the value of pH, organic matter content, totalnitrogen, available potassium content of cattle dung dropped. As the inoculated densityincreased, all of them fell and then increased. But the available phosphorus did not change toomuch.2The best earthworm inoculated density in different composted cattle dungWhen earthworms were inoculated in rotten cattle dung, they generally multiply fasterand more, the small earthworms were hatched faster and more. But when they adapted in theraw cattle dung, they glowed better. According the dry weight of earthworm treated cattledung and the increased weight of earthworm, we got that when10.3kg earthworms were inoculated in1000kg dry cattle dung, we could get705.1kg vermicompost and72.4kg freshearthworm,3Effects of decomposed and earthworm-treated cattle dung on the growth and qualityof soybeanDecomposed and earthworm-treated cattle dung could be able to significantly(P<0.01)promote plant height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation, add pods, seeds, seedweight per plant, soybean growth, and improve the yield and quality of soybean (DD≦30t/hm~2, ED≦45t/hm~2) compared with CK. Against CK, plant height and pods per plantincreased24.2cm and63%respectively, in the treatment of30t/hm~2DD; The applicationupper limit of organic fertilizer treated by earthworm could rise. The application of45t/hm~2ED increased the yield and pods per plant by72%and75%respectively (P<0.01). The crudeprotein content and the total content of crude protein and crude fat content were the highest inthe treatment of15t/m~2ED, which had been increased by7%and6%respectively, comparedwith CK (P<0.01).4Effects of decomposed and earthworm-treated cattle dung on the growth and qualityof maizeDecomposed and earthworm-treated cattle dung could promote plant height, dry matteraccumulation of maize shoot and grain, rows per ear, kernel per row,1000-kernel weight andyield of corn. Although the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is higher indecomposed cattle dung than that in earthworm-treated cattle dung, and the growth of maizewas better in the prophase, but when they come across heavy wind and rain, too muchfertilization might cause maize fall down and then the yield was dropped. Decomposed andearthworm-treated cattle dung could accelerate soluble sugar to change into crude protein andcrude fat. Increased the crude protein content of corn by16.2%and12.4%respectively(P<0.05); increased the crude fat content of corn by27.5%and30.0%respectively (P<0.05),compared with CK. But the crude protein content, the crude fat content and soluble sugarcontent are not too much difference between decomposed cattle dung treatment andearthworm-treated cattle dung treatment.5Effects of decomposed and earthworm-treated cattle dung on the physical andchemical properties of soilDecomposed and earthworm-treated cattle dung could improve the structure of soil,reduced soil bulk density, increased organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium andavailable phosphorus content of soil, especially the0-20cm layer, and could increase thenitrogen use efficiency. 6The input and output contrast of “decomposed cattle dung-maize” pattern and“earthworm-cattle dung-maize” patternAlthough composed cattle dung with earthworms needed a lot of labor and water, but wecould get many earthworms and much organic fertilizer. Many earthworms mean muchmoney., and putting the organic fertilizer into soil could get more yield of corn. At last“earthworm-cattle dung-maize” pattern could get18790.2yuan/hm~2more than “decomposedcattle dung-maize” pattern.