Effects Of Irirgation And Fertilization On The Growth, Water And Fertilizer Utilization In Ginger

Ginger production, the management of water and fertilizer is still using the traditionalmethods of furrow irrigation, ditching fertilizer and fertilizer with water, which increase highyield of vegetables, but also causes negative effects, including lowing water and fertilizer useefficiency, wasting resources and leading to environmental pollution of agriculturalproduction. In this paper, based on conventional irrigation and fertilization （CK） as control,the experiment researches relationships of the growth and related physiological characteristicsof ginger in sprinkler irrigation （T1）, drip irrigation （T2） of traditional equal fertilization,further study the impacts of yield, quality, water and fertilizer use efficiency in equalfertilization （T3） and20%reduction （T4） of integration of water and fertilizer. The mainresults are as follows:1. Compared with conventional irrigation （CK）, the root, stem, leaf fresh weight andplant height, stem diameter, branch number, number of leaves and plant biomass of sprinklerirrigation （T1） and drip irrigation （T2） had no significant increasing, but rhizome fresh weightand yield in T1, T2increased by6.71%,6.54%and15.26%,6.25%over CK, respectively.The membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity of ginger leaves in T1andT2had significant effect.2. In the period of rhizome enlargement, the content of chlorophyll and photosyntheticrate in T1, T2increased by10.95%,7.54%and16.52%,13.32%over CK, respectively; in theperiod of tillering stage, the photosynthetic rate in T1, T2increased by26.44%,16.06%overCK; the transpiration rate reduced by7.62%and3.55%lower than CK, respectively. Fv/Fm,ΦPSⅡ and qP in T1, T2were significantly higher than that of CK, while NPQ wassignificantly lower than that of CK, which showed that sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigationcan reduce excess light energy in the photosynthetic apparatus damage and photoinhibition,improve the efficiency of light use.3. The absorption of N, P₂O₅, K₂O in T1, T2increased by13.56%,10.88%,19.24%and7.12%,9.86%,10.77%over CK, respectively; meanwhile, fertilizer partial productivityincreased by15.26%and6.25%, respectively. In addition irrigation water use efficiency andwater productivity were increased by61.36%,113.47%and46.50%,63.03%respectively, andwater-saving rate were increased by25.88%and51.48%respectively.4. Integration of water and fertilizer favors the balanced growth of various organs ofginger. Compared with conventional irrigation and fertilization, the economical yield ofginger in T3, T4increased by11.49%and10.09%respectively; NR activity and rootsystem activity increased by9.50%,5.73%and25.15%,25.53%respectively, but the biological yieldof ginger in T3, T4, CK did not show significant difference. Integration of water and fertilizercan significantly improve the pigment content and photosynthetic rate, reduce thetranspiration rate, and increase instantaneous water use efficiency of the ginger leaves. In theperiod of rhizome enlargement, the content of chlorophyll and Pn in T3, T4increased by8.99%,9.69%and18.25%,16.15%over CK, respectively; in the period of tillering stage（Aug.17）, the Tr in T1, T2reduced by9.42%and9.69%lower than CK, respectively; whenPn reached the first peak at9:00（Aug.26）, WUEi in T3, T4increased20.43%and17.95%higher than CK, respectively.5. Irrigation water use efficiency and water productivity increased by112.71%,110.64%and61.46%,59.27%, respectively, in T3and T4compared with CK., and water-saving ratewas more than50%. Although the absorptions of P₂O₅were not significantly different amongT3, T4and CK, the absorption of N, K₂O in T3, T4increased by12.54%,13.53%and6.09%,7.01%over CK, respectively; in addition, the utilization rates of N, P₂O₅, K₂O increased by19.85%,12.38%,19.66%and37.06%,30.66%,37.76%, respectively, in T3, T4.6. Integration of water and fertilizer can significantly improve the yield, nutrition andflavor of ginger quality. Compared with CK, the yield in T3, T4increased17.94%and15.78%respectively. The rhizome dry matter, the content of soluble sugar and amylun, protein, Vc,volatized oil, gingerols in T3, T4were significantly higher than that of CK, T1, T2; aminoacid was not significant difference, while the content of fiber in T3, T4was lower than that ofCK, T1, T2.