Research On Digestive Physiology And Parts Of Physiological And Biochemical Indexes Of Four Kinds Of Fish

The experiments is divided into three parts.1. Determing the influence of ChalcalburnusChalcoides aralensis, Hemibarbus labeo, and Cichlasoma citrinellum XC.synspilum’s energywhen digesting tissue of digestive enzymes with different experiment in isolated state.2.Determing some physiological and biochemical indexes of Chalcalburnus Chalcoidesaralensis and Hemibarbus labeo under the farming situation3. Using the three different feedswith different protein content which are28%,33%,38%feeding Cryprinus carpiod andinvestigating the effect of its growth, activities of digestive enzymes and physiological andbiochemical indexes.1. Taking Chalcalburnus Chalcoides aralensis and Hemibarbus labeo foregut,midgut,hindgut and hepatopancreas. Cichlasoma citrinellum XC.synspilum’s stomach,foregut,midgut,hindgut and hepatopancreas.Collecting crude enzyme.Temperature is setted of8levelsbetween20-55℃, pH is setted of30levels between2.2to10.4and Each ionNa⁺K⁺, K⁺,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺) is setted of6levels between25-150mmol/L. The result is that the optimumChalcalburnus Chalcoides aralensis’ optimum temperature of protease is35-45℃;TheHemibarbus labeo’s optimum temperature of protease is35-40℃;The Cichlasoma citrinellumXC.synspilum’s optimum temperature of protease is35℃.The optimum pH value forChalcalburnus Chalcoides aralensis of protease is7.4-8.0;The optimum pH value forHemibarbus labeo of protease is7.0-7.8;The optimum pH value for Cichlasoma citrinellumXC.synspilum of prpsin is2.2-2.6,The optimum pH value of intestinal protease is7.0-7.4. Na⁺and K⁺contribute to protease of three fish, while Mg²⁺and Ca²⁺make a contrary effect.Theoptimum temperature of Chalcalburnus Chalcoides aralensis of amylase is40℃;Theoptimum temperature for Hemibarbus labeo of amylase is40℃;The optimum temperature forCichlasoma citrinellum XC.synspilum of amylase is35℃.The optimum pH value forChalcalburnus Chalcoides aralensis of amylase is7.0-7.6;The optimum pH value forHemibarbus labeo of amylase is7.2-7.6;The optimum pH value for Cichlasoma citrinellumXC.synspilum of gastric amylase is5.0,The optimum pH value of intestinal amylase is6.8-7.2.Na⁺,K⁺and Mg²⁺contribute to amylase of three fish, While Ca²⁺make a contrary effect.Theoptimum temperature of Chalcalburnus Chalcoides aralensis of lipase is45℃;The optimumtemperature of Hemibarbus labeo of lipase is40-50℃;The optimum temperature forCichlasoma citrinellum XC.synspilum of lipase is40-45℃.The optimum pH value for Chalcalburnus Chalcoides aralensis of lipase is6.8-7.4;The optimum pH value forHemibarbus labeo of lipase is7.0;The optimum pH value for Cichlasoma citrinellumXC.synspilum of gastric lipase is4.2,The optimum pH value of intestinal lipase is6.8-7.4.Mg²⁺contribute to lipase of three fish,While Na⁺,K⁺and Ca²make a contrary effect..2. Taking Chalcalburnus Chalcoides aralensis’s heart, hepatopancreas, spleen,mesonephron, gill, muscle and blood with farming conditions and determing the SOD, CAT,MDA, LZM, TP, ALB, globulin, TG, CHOL and AST, ALT, red blood cell count, whiteblood cell count, phagocytic rate and phagocytic index. The hepatopancreas is largest SOD ofChalcalburnus Chalcoides aralensis and Hemibarbus labeo; The blood is largest CAT ofChalcalburnus Chalcoides aralensis; The spleen is largest CAT of Hemibarbus labeo; TheMDA activity in the muscle of two fish are the minimum; The blood is largest MDA ofChalcalburnus Chalcoides aralensis and Hemibarbus labeo. The blood is largest LZM ofChalcalburnus Chalcoides aralensis;. The head kidney is largest LZM of Hemibarbus labeo.The A/G of Chalcalburnus Chalcoides aralensis is similar to Hemibarbus labeo. Phagocyticrate and phagocytic index is similar of two kinds of fish. Chalcalburnus Chalcoidesaralensis’s organs phagocytic capacity from high to low is blood> gill> kidney>muscle>heart> spleen> liver and Hemibarbus labeo’s various organs of the phagocytic activity whichlevel followed by the head kidney> heart> blood> spleen> liver and pancreasdirty> gill>kidney> muscle.3. Cryprinus carpiod is raised on feed which contain protein28%，33%and38%at eightweeks and researching the impact of Cryprinus carpiod with different protein levels. Theresult show that in addition to the heart, spleen, muscle, SOD, CAT increased with theincrease in protein levels,however, hepatopancreas and blood MDA have not accompanied byit. Within the experimental range，high-protein feed can enhance antioxidant capacity of fishand high-protein feed don’t cause excessive injury to Cryprinus carpiod.With the growth ofprotein content, TG and CHOL are slow down. Differences between protein levels is notobvious （p>0.05）.AST has little effect for increasing of protein content. But ALT is increasewith increasing of protein content, A/G has little effect. The phagocytes rate of Cryprinuscarpiod have not significantly improved （p>0.05）. Increase feed protein content can promote the Cryprinus carpiod’s protease activity, but its lipase and amylase have no significanteffects （p>0.05）. In short, the experiment showed that38%protein feed is the best forCryprinus carpiod, at the same time,the ability of antioxidant and immunity about Cryprinuscarpiod is improved.With increasing of protein content, the speed of various indexs areslowing.