| Pomegranate peel is traditional Chinese medicine and contains many active ingredients suchas tannins (polyphenols), flavonoids, alkaloids and organic acids. Pharmacopoeia (2010), reportsthat pomegranate peel can“antidiarrheal, hemostasis and expelling parasite”. Rabbits coccidianis a common parasite, has a high infection rate ranging from 40% to 70%. To explore thetherapentic properties of the pomegranate peel extracts on rabbit coccidian and its mechanism,we studied its effect on rabbit coccidian oocysts in vivo and in vitro; including the number ofcoccidian oocysts in the liver and intestines. All of these are useful to cure rabbit coccidian.This research is divided into four parts:1. The preparation of pomegranate flavonoids and determination of the content. We crushedthe sweet pomegranate peel from Zaozhuang, extracted by 70% ETOH, then filtered with 4%gelatin solution. We could get the extraction yield of 25% after dried the filtrate. The totalflavonoids of pomegranate peel contained 46mg/g, determining by spectrophotometry. Theresults proved this method to be an efficient way to purify flavonoids.2. The extermination effect of pomegranate peel extracts on rabbit coccidian oocystscultured in vitro. We collected the excrement (24h, 35g each rabbit) infected with coccidian fromeighteen rabbits weighing 2.0 to 2.5kg, separated and extracted the coccidia oocysts withsaturation salt water floating method. The coccidia oocysts were cultivated in distilled water,aqueous extract of pomegranate peel, pomegranate flavonoids, pomegranate polyphenols andROBENIDINE HCL for 24, 48 and 72h, respectively. The amount of rabbit coccidia oocysts wasobserved with the optical microscope. The effects of different concentrations of drugs anddifferent cultivated time on the amount of rabbit coccidia oocysts were estimated. The resultsshowed that comparing with distilled water group, the amount of rabbit coccidia oocystsseparately cultivated in 72h and 5, 10mg of the four drugs groups reduced significantly (P＜0.05), and the reducing number ranged in descending order was aqueous extract of pomegranatepeel group, pomegranate flavonoids group, pomegranate polyphenols group and ROBENIDINEHCL group. The amount of rabbit coccidia oocysts cultivated in 24, 48, 72h and 1mg of the four drugs groups not reduced significantly (P＞0.05). Besides, the higher the concentration of thesedrugs, the more coccidia oocysts reduced. The onset time of the extracts of pomegranate peelwas 48 and 72h. There were many notes which indicate that the extracts of pomegranate peel hadthe stronger exterminatory action to the rabbit coccidia oocysts cultured in vitro. Theexterminatory action of aqueous extract to the rabbit coccidia oocysts was the strongest,followed by pomegranate polyphenols and flavonoids in the 3 extractions from pomegranate peel.The exterminatory action had a certain positive correlation with the dose.3. The effect of pomegranate peel extracts on rabbit coccidian oocysts detected in theexcrement. We collected the rabbits weighing 2.0 kg infected by coccidian. They were dividedinto control group(1mL distilled water/㎏weight/d), aqueous extract of pomegranate peel groupand ROBENIDINE HCL group, the doses were 25mg/㎏weight/d. Both aqueous extract ofpomegranate peel group and ROBENIDINE HCL group were dosed 3 -15 days, and tested theamount of coccidian oocysts in the excrement every day. Then we got the liver, colon, ileum andcaecum of different times, did the tissue section with paraffin, stained with HE, observed withthe optical microscope. The results showed that the coccidian amounts in rabbits dealed withaqueous extract of pomegranate peel and ROBENIDINE HCL reduced with the dosed timeextended. Compared with distilled water group, the coccidian oocysts cycle was shortened, theaqueous extract of pomegranate peel had a better rate in amount reduction. The photo of liverand intestines pathologic slices indicated that both aqueous extract of pomegranate peel andROBENIDINE HCL had a strong exterminatory action to Eimeria stiedai, but the exterminatoryaction to Eimeria flavescens was not significant. The results suggested that the exterminatoryaction of the extracts of pomegranate peel to Eimeria stiedai and Eimeria flavescens was similarto ROBENIDINE HCL, but had a better exterminatory action to other coccidians.4. The antidiarrheal effects of the aqueous extract of pomegranate peel on immaturerabbits infected by coccidian. The antidiarrheal effects of the aqueous extract of pomegranatepeel (10, 30, 40, 100, 200, 400mg/kg) were evaluated in diarrheal immature rabbits with twomonths old, comparing with Pipemidic Acid and distilled water. We found that higher doses ofthe extract had a better treatment, but required longer time than Pipemidic Acid. The resultsshowed that pomegranate peel extracts could cure the diarrhea of rabbits infected by coccidian,its reason might be related to suppression effect of the pomegranate peel extracts on coccidian. |
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