The Financial Perspective Basin Water Environment,Ecological Compensation Research

With the issue of the’twelfth Five-Year Plan’, there is an increasing demand in our nation asking for a harmonious relationship between mankind and nature in this new era of economic development. Furthermore, it is required to carry out the research of establishing a robust Ecological Environment and Resource compensation mechanism. However, during the last thirty years of development after the Reform and Opening of China,the local governments developed the economy to pulling-up GDP without considering the environmental cost under the promotion of reaching higher political achievements. And finally the reckless development brought a series ofirreversible damage to the environment. Although both the central and local governments have done lots of work to promote the river basin water resources protection, nowadays, the condition of the water resources in our country is still under worrying condition. There are many problems about water resources in China, there was a growing trend of the wastewater emission from1980to2009, and2/3of these emission was fromindustrial wastewater. Moreover, water body of rivers and lakes is severely polluted. Major rivers in China, including Huaihe River, Haihe River, Liaohe River and the Yellow River, are under more severe pollution situation, and forthose, the water quality of over60%river length are of Ⅳor below.Except for pollution, water resources are also facing the problems of water shortage and over-exploitation. Most regions in northern China are facing varying extent of water shortage. On the other hand, based on the data collected in2004, major river basins are over-exploited at different degrees. For instance,87.6%of the water resources in Haihe River are exploited, and the exploitation rate of Taihu Lake is even higher to reach218.8%. In terms of water body ecology, our nation is confronted with serious water losses and soil erosion, bringing the problems of rivers and lacks drying up, decreasing area of natural wetlands, and ecological functions declining. The ecological destruction would not only impact the stability of the society, but also restrict the economical development. Unsafe drinking and irrigation water could lead to the problems of higher disease incidence and more severe dispute on pollution issues, which would affect the stable and harmonious development of the society. Disaster like floods would make people homeless in the stricken regions, and at the same time, bring great property loss to our party, nation and people. Unreasonable Ecological compensation standard would cause uneven economical development between different areas, in particular, poor areas become poorer and rich areas become richer. And this economical gap would finally result in social instability. Moreover, deterioration of river basin environment has already become a limit factor to the sustainable development of our country.The author of this article reviewed the basic rules of river basin water resources Ecological compensation in our country, compared and analyzed different methods in foreign countries. Based on the review and analysis, the author intended to propose a systematic Ecological compensation setup for the river basin water resources, and expected to bring some help to the river basin protection in China.