The Application Of Ecological Compensation In Watershed Management And The Analysis Of Compensation Mode Selection

With the rapid development of Chinese economic, environmental destruction and pollution events frequently occur. Especially environmental damage of ecological and pollution is more serious, environmental problems have become a bottleneck for human life, economic and social development. The lakes and groundwater resources are polluted with different degrees in China. The lakes and groundwater resources are polluted with different degrees in China. Water pollution directly resulted in the shortage of water resources, and water has fluidity, making the transfer of pollution to other areas. So the contradiction between upstream and downstream, left and right banks has intensified. Since watershed integrity, the water quality of upstream has a direct affect on downstream. It is because of the upstream and downstream has close relationship, so there is a complex relationship between upstream and downstream. Generally speaking, the upstream areas are poor with economy and fragile with ecology, which is difficult to bear the task of the ecological construction and environmental protection, and eager to get rid of poverty in these areas, thus leading to the great contradictions of ecological environment and economic development. In order to coordinate this kind of relationship, the central government and the downstream region need to help the upstream areas for ecological construction. Therefore, in order to solve the contradictions of ecological environment and economic development, the central government and the downstream region need to establish ecological compensation mechanism for the upstream areas. But also achieving the requirements of the water quality and quantity which downstream region needs and enabling the sustainable development of the social economic.Reasonable and effective ecological compensation is necessary to solve the environmental problem. In the watershed management, the study of Ecological Compensation Method plays a vital role in promoting the coordinated development of upstream and downstream areas and also can promote ecological construction and economic development, improve the enthusiasm of the ecological builders, and some can even change the backward mode of production and promote the sustainability of ecological construction. This also can increase the income of people in the region along the river, and promote industrial restructuring and local economic development, and accelerate the development of watershed areas, and promote social justice, to achieve the dual goals of ecological civilization and local economic development.Based on the application of ecological compensation in watershed management, our study did a brief description of the typical cases of ecological compensation in watershed management to come to some problems of our watershed management method. We combined with the success of some foreign ecological compensation cases to study the reasons for their success and lessons we should learn. At the same time the study also analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different compensation methods (The paper focuses on the four ways of financial compensation, entity compensation, policies compensation and intellectual compensation), based on the ecological environment value theory, theory of externalities, public goods theory, the theory of property rights and a sustainable development theory. Based on the experience of foreign countries on the basis of research, we described the current situation of ecological compensation of Liao River Basin combined with our existing ecological compensation to explore effective compensation method and policy of Liao River and to change the present situation which has inadequate and inefficient compensation method.Through a number of typical cases can be seen that our existing compensation has a present situation of a "heavy funding, in-kind transfusional compensation, light policy, intellectual type hematopoietic compensation". Transfusional compensation has the advantage of great flexibility with being indemnified party and quick effect, and the disadvantage is that the leading role of the local economy is not obvious, the ecological sustainability is weak. The advantage of hematopoietic compensation is that it can promote the local economy strongly, the ecological sustainability is good, and the disadvantage is that the effective time is too long. Therefore in the choice of compensation method we should select the appropriate compensation method according to local economic development and specific characteristics and the compensation is generally the combination of several combination methods. The study should find the suitable compensation method of the area through the detailed study of the ecological compensation status and problems in the Liao River basin.The research shows that the main problems of Liao River are as follows. Management mechanism of ecological compensation is defective, and there is a bull management situation. The subject and object of ecological compensation can not be accurately determined, which influence the effect of ecological compensation. Watershed ecological compensation method is unreasonable and the standard is not very clear, and capital financing channels are relatively simple. Corresponding laws and policies of ecological compensation are not perfect, and can not play a very good protection for some specific compensatory measures. Liao River should follow the principle of local conditions,"who protection, and who benefits" principle and "who benefits and who pays" principle. This paper argues that the main way is transfusional compensation, supplemented by way of hematopoietic compensation. Specifically we can take financial compensation, water rights trading, ecological compensation of industries basin, remote development, increasing efforts to compensate for some of the projects and so on.