The Application Research On Several Kinds Of Energetic Compounds In Modification Of Ammonium Nitrate

At first, the four substances5-amino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole(ANTA),Hydrazinium5-aminotetrazolate,5-aminotetrazolate nitrate and hexamine nitrate were prepared in this article. Combined with the reaction mechanisms, the relevant reaction factors of four substances were discussed and compared to get the reasonable preparation routes of these four substances. Then the ordinary ammonium nitrate was coated respectively by adding the above-described four substances, and the coated and uncoated ammonium nitrate were tested to determine the optimum clad ratio of ammonium nitrate by DSC, TG, SEM, Hygroscopic test. The purpose of this article is to get the modified Ammonium Nitrate that has excellent performances such as low moisture absorption rate and enthalpy.The results showed that:the optimum preparation conditions of the ammonium salt of3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-trizole(ADNT) were that3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole8g,0.68mol/L sulfuric acid solution294mL, sodium nitrite53.3g, water55mL, the nitrification temperature-5℃～-10℃, the nitration temperature60℃, reaction time1h. The optimum preparation conditions of5-amino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole were that85%hydrazine hydrate7mL, the ammonium salt of3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-trizole10g, reaction time3h under80℃; the optimum preparation conditions of Hydrazinium5-aminotetrazolate were that5-aminotetrazole42.54g, water100mL, the reaction temperature was50℃,85%hydrated hydrazine25.03g; the optimum preparation conditions of5-aminotetrazolate nitrate were that5-aminotetrazole8.5g, water200mL,68%nitric acid5mL, the reaction temperature lower than40℃, reaction time1h; the optimum preparation conditions of hexamine nitrate were that methenamine10g, water20mL and68%nitric acid5mL, the reaction temperature was lower than5℃, reaction time10min.The characterization methods of ammonium nitrate such as DSC, TG, SEM and Hygroscopic test showed that the proper supplementation of5-amino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole, Hydrazinium5-aminotetrazolate,5-aminotetrazolate nitrate and hexamine nitrate is1%,1%,1%,3%, respectively at changing the phase stability of ammonium nitrate. As for Hygroscopic test, the moisture absorption rates of ammonium nitrate, which were added into these four substances, were much higher. The thermal decomposition of performance that modified samples before and after shared the similar decomposition mechanism.