The Evaluation Of Mining Eco-Environments Of A Cheng District In Harbin Based On RS And GIS

Mineral resource is the material base for society construction. The solid waste, ore washing waste and tailings that generated by exploitation of mineral resources polluted the environment of mining area seriously. The stripping of land surface and soil erosion caused by surface mining, and the collapse pit and goaf caused underground mining will cause geological hazard such as landslide, debris flow and ground fissure that will restrict the economy development in mining area. Monitoring and evaluation of ecological environment could help people for understanding the degree of damage on environment that caused by resources exploitation, then providing evidences for local government to make protection policy and restoration and treatment methods for the environment of mining area, what keep the mineral resources for sustainable use and maintain the balance of ecosystem with great significance.This paper investigated the condition of mineral resources exploitation and mining environment by remote sensing technology, then established the index system of mining ecological environmental evaluation by Analytic Hierarchy Process base on the basic condition of the mine and the remote sensing images of SPOT-5, and used the index system to evaluate the mining ecological environment of A Cheng district in Harbin. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows:(1) Using the technology of RS and GIS to investigate the mining environment in study area and then obtained the mining environmental database of A Cheng district by man-computer interactive interpretation and field investigation to provide the data foundation for ecological environmental evaluation of A Cheng district.(2) Reading and studying the literature data about ecological environmental evaluation of mining area and consulting with experts to establish the index system of ecological environmental evaluation of study area. This index system can be used as reference index system for ecological environmental evaluation of other mining areas.(3) Using the analytic hierarchy process and consulting with experts to establish the analytic hierarchy model of evaluation index system of study area, and comparing the importance of each index, then determining the weight of index and subsystem to obtained the evaluation model of ecological environment in mining area.(4) Evaluating the ecological environment of mining area in A Cheng district. Dividing the study area extent into square grid with2KM X2KM, and evaluating each square as evaluation unit. Obtain the map of division of mining ecological environment in study area based on evaluation results.(5) The evaluation results shows that the good eco-environmental regions accounting for 75percent of the whole area and mainly distributed on the plain, very few mine development areas and where has high vegetation coverage; The percentage of the general eco-environmental area is20%, that distributed in areas with less mine development; The percentage of the bad eco-environmental area is5%that distributed in areas with much mine development.