Tibetan Serfdom In The Rise Of The Economy

This thesis takes the Tibetans as the main study object, productive forces and production relations and the contradictions of economic base and superstructure as the main line to analyze the historical reasons of the seigniorial economy and the typical serfdom economy's formation and development longitudinally in Tibet, and focuses on the Temple Economy of Tibetan serfdom economic growth process. Laterally this paper shows the characteristics of different periods of Tibetan economic development and economic exchange with other nationalities.The collapse of the Tubo Dynasty and the fully establishment of Qing Dynasty's Theocracy belong to the development stage of Tibetan serfdom ceonomics, which contain three periods, there are the slavery economy economic transition to serfdom, serfdom economy established and serfdom economy consolidated.The separatism period—Tibetan slavery economy to serfdom economy.At the end of the9th century, the Tubo Dynasty and Tibetan slavery economy collapsed, private ownership of land expanded rapidly and many local governments formed which are differ in size and no subordination to each other. The individual peasant economy and free trade has been developed greatly, and the freedman class laid the foundation for the formation of the economic serfdom. In order to maintain local government's own living space, on one hand, they carried out economic reforms consequently to promote the transformation of serfdom production relations and bring seigniorial economy into forth. On another hand, with the Philip of the Buddhist sects rise and local forces combining together to promote land and people to come under the monastery's authority, which bring the monastery economic revival and derive the serfdom factors continue to develop. To the end of the separatist period, almost none Freedmen class exsist, and a dozen of large feudal lords are formed which means the transformation of the slaery economy to the serfdom economy has been finished.Saga period----Establishment of Tibetan serfdom economy.After Yuan Dynasty unified, Saga regime was established in Tibetan.People were divided into two groups:"Mead"(secular household people) and "Lad"(people who belonging to temple), which enforce over13million people under corresponding lords' domination and make the serfdom economy established firmly in the policy and the law. In Saga period, seigniorial economy gained a further development and the temple economy developed rapidly. The Tibetan govemment subordinate to the central dynasty in political and the two sides changed the ceonomie exchange form. For one thing, the Tibetan people have to bear the corresponding taxes and labor work. For another thing, the serf owners and the central dynasty have made the Tribute economic relations which opened the way for serf owners to obtain economic rights and strength by political contacts.Phakmo Trupa period----consolidation of the serfdom economy.By improving the seigniorial economy to enhance its economic strength and laid the economic foundation for seizing power. The seigniorial economy system was promoted widely in its area and the productivity levels have been greatly improved. After Ming Dynasty established, the authority carried out the Jimi policy and privilege business tax in Tibetan and improve the intercity trade and the implementation of the tribute reward system, which promote the economic development in Tibetan.With the rise and expansion of the Gelug Sect, the monastery economic status gradually increased and laid the foundation for the Temple economy to become the main economic actors of the serfdom economy in the Qing Dynasty.