The Economic Analysis Of Road Congestion Pricing

With the development of economy and the continuous improvement of living standards, at the same time the stock of vehicles are also in a rapid development, and delta is brought about as road travel increased demand, then the road traffic congestion problem is increasingly serious. Traffic congestion has brought some external costs such as the time delay loss, extra fuel consumption and air and the noise pollution, etc, so choose to drive out facing two costs including private driving cost and exterior driving cost. While the external costs has not been internalized, so the drivers only consider the private travel driving cost without taking the external costs into account when deciding whether to drive out,which lead to the the traffic number in equilibrium higher than the quantity under consideration the cost of external situation. Therefore this paper proposed to manage the traffic demand, for example the road congestion pricing by charging, in order to make the existing limited road network capacity more effectively useful, as well as to improve the public transport system and prepare for other infrastructure funds.This article through combining domestic and foreign literature in road traffic congestion on the analysis of the background and expounds the significance of the road congestion pricing based on this theory analysis and empirical research, and do some comparative study on the specific conditions and the comprehensive evaluation in some congestion pricing charge regions such as Singapore, London and Stockholm.Finally it evaluates the congestion pricing policy by charging, and analyses the current policy and the planning for future.In the part of theoretical analysis according to the relevant theories of microeconomics, from the angle of externalities explaines the traffic congestion pricing theory basis, especially the rush hour traffic congestion pricing charge respectively,then analysing two different conditions as the factors considered situation and charging the facility fee condition, and make the optimal pricing road measurement model. After that, it explaines the specific external costs brought by the road traffic congestion,summarizes the welfare influences.The empirical study, through the Drake model which relate the traffic flow quantity with the traffic speed, so as to establish a combined as the congestion pricing estimation model which the speed influence of cost price directly. Then make the situation in Singapore as an example generation into the model, calculating results and compared with the reality, finally analyze the limitations of the evaluation model.In the comparative study has been carried out some typical example which charge the congestion pricing policy areas,such as Singapore, London and Stockholm three locations.From charging methods, time, scope and implementation of the specific policies, implementation of the efficiency about the before and after contrast, and experience of the detailed analysis.The last part of the policy evaluates and analyses from the premise, the implementation of congestion charging system arrangement, cash management and the possible problems four aspects evaluation congestion charge policy, and according to the current management in China's current policy congestion and planning policy and the developing orientation in the future.The innovation of this paper lies in theoretical analysis from externality of explanations respectively charging for the rush hour traffic congestion pricing, and the two different conditions as the factors considered situation and charging the facility fee condition, and make the optimal pricing road measurement model. After that, explaines the specific external costs brought by the road traffic congestion,summarize the welfare influences.At the same time on the research section chooses road average speeds which relatively easy to be observed instead of the traffic flow, thus makes the congestion pricing associated with speed, as to create more convenient measurement in the different periods of the charge, and congestion pricing charge price adjustment.