The Study On Operational Modes Of Factuty-dominant In The Universities Of European And American Counties

Higher education reform in our country has always been based on external governance structure reform, and internal structure reform is relatively slow including its scale and methods. Therefore, the direction of reform in our country will be the internal structure. And it is very necessary to put the adjustment of internal governance structure in a more important position. For our country, how to adjust the internal structure is a grand task. The mechanism of "Faculty-dominant" in European universities provide a good reference for the reform.Faculty-dominant has a long history in western countries, which dated from Paris University in the Middle Ages. And it has largely promoted the development level in the European higher education. It is classical management model in western countries.In19th century, German modern universities built a new organizational model of "Professor Governance" which made the professor's power to its extreme. Later on, American universities added new contents on this model, and they adopted the methods of "shared governance" to innovate the model. The model of faculty-dominant management has changed with the change of environment in higher education in higher education. This trend was mainly that teachers' group have acted as manager to manage the school with others' people. As the main model of European universities management, faculty-dominant is the important reason to prompt western university to prosperity.Different countries have showed obvious different forms on the model of faculty-dominant management because of different history, political system and economic level. According to different power structure in universities, we could divide faculty-dominant into three models:European continent model, England model and American model. Britain, Germany and France are the most typical example in the European countries. Although there are some differences in different countries, they have some identical factors which are the key for the management. In the earlier of20th Century, faculty-dominant has been brought into our country, and it has played an important role on the development of our universities. The institution has been suspended for a long time after the beginning of China. In recent years, with the revolution and deep development of higher educational system in our country, faculty-dominant has been paid much attention by the scholars. Plenty of schools have begun to do some temptations to build administrator mode and constructure in the high schools of our country. Until now, there are some serious problems and crises in our high schools' inner structure. For example, some people have mistaken concepts on faculty-dominant and also there are hierarchical culture tendency in the high education structure. In high school, they are no laws to protect the mode of faculty-dominant. These problems have seriously restricted further improvement in our schools. On the basis of above, the main direction of inner school revolution is to absorb their successful experiences which come from European countries'high education schools. Therefore, the inner school revolution is to recover the status and authority of professors and academic power.