College Students' Employment Intention: The Problem And Reason

As Chinese economic reform, higher education system and employment system have undergone profound changes, in particularly, the implementation of China "increase enrollment" policy in 1999, the number of university graduates soared year after year, the problem of graduate employment is increasingly apparent. Some people blame the problem of university students'employment to university enrollment, but I think it is one-sided and unreasonable, we should see a deeper level in our country, there are three major industries having the characteristics of irrational industrial structures, regional imbalance in industrial structure, slow upgrade of the industrial structure, non-equilibrium development and so on, especially the tertiary industry as colleges' major job market, is still in the emerging stage of development, there is a certain gap between the structure and social needs of its industrial structure, it haven't complete the industrial restructure's upgrade successfully. Capacity of absorbing college graduates is insufficient, which makes college students over-supply on the labor market, employment is inevitable.For the current academic talking about the "Difficult of Graduate Employment" problem, I believe that employment intention is the threshold issue of university graduates'employment. The current employment system has changed and employment conditions is worse, but many college students' employment intentions haven't follow the changes, they still think themselves as the past "favored" during choosing the occupations, there is tendency for their self-employment intentions, exacerbating the condition of college students'job market "crowded", which is one of the important factors causing employment difficulties of university students. So this article's topic about employment intention of university students is necessary and time, giving a certain reference for the employment problem's research of college students.Based on the obtained data by sorting the "2010 Graduate Employment Survey", we describe the future of college students' employment intentions by statistical analysis, there are the characteristics of the current employment of university graduates'intentions and problems:(1) For the choice to the areas of employment, employment units and salary expectations, there are most students prefer to stay in the city, willing to go to authorities, institutions and the higher number of state-owned enterprises, and the monthly requirements are much higher than the actual average level, which reflects the Graduate Employment's employment tendency is obvious, a strong utilitarian thinking, expectations tend to stabilize employment. (2) In addition to the vast majority university graduates opting for direct employment, nearly one-third of university students choose to take part in the postgraduate entrance exams and other further education abroad, and also one-tenth choose their own businesses, showing university graduates' chooses tend to diversified. (3) For requirements between job and profession, most of the students hope professional, the majority students believe professing as far as possible, but also don't try so hard, college professional identity gradually fade more than before. (4)About employment intentions, male and female students are different. Female students chose the more conservative and cautious positions than male students, they are lack of awareness of innovation and competition.Previous studies about college students'employment intentions are in sociology and psychology perspective, This paper use the view of economics innovative on the issue to argue,using labor market segmentation theory, investment in human capital theory and related non-economic theory to provides a theoretical basis for the Graduate Employment intention's formation and choice behavior and a theoretical explanation:Firstly, the institutional division of labor market makes segmentation income, and the huge flow of costs, produce a guide and the role of tension on the employment of university graduates in an objective intention of the environment; Secondly, college students homes invested more costs in human capital, so they required return on this investment in the future, which makes the internal driving force to pursue a high-income; Thirdly, Chinese education system points to the city and students invest specific human capital many years, so students have to select a city and want to engage in the job suit for the professional study; Finally, students live in the community, which are exposed by the traditional social culture constantly, the influence of the traditional culture will constantly shaped into a college students being have utility psychological, safety psychology, psychological and main body consciousness cometh in society. Therefore, in such a social environment and values-oriented, contemporary college students prefer large cities, the work of high income, high stability, high social status, blind conformity, the employment intentions of lack competition and creative spirit came out, which stand for a rational choice from another perspective.For the problems of Graduate Employment intention and its causes, I finally put forward to improve college students' employment intention and employment policy suggestions from the macro, college and university students themselves from three perspectives:(1) In the macro level, deletion system, improve urban and rural balance development, provide policy incentives to college students going to the western and rural areas; strengthen the social and cultural development; provide jobs and services for college students. (2) For colleges and universities, optimize professional and the contents of the subject; pay attention to college students' employment guidance. (3) To the students themselves, they should change employment concept, overcome idealized tendency, encourage college students' competitive employment and make their own business.This paper aims to analyze the employment intention of university graduates to provide data analysis support for college students' employment status, and we hope to be helpful for future research by the combination of theory and empirical analysis of the way. At the same time, we expect to provide help to overcome the problem of employment for college students by the university students' employment intention study, to make college student better adapt to society, implement employment successfully and realize the optimal allocation of human resources, and promote the harmonious development of social stability.